Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer—Updates in Screening and Treatment

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Therapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 March 2025) | Viewed by 1408

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Assoc. Prof., Department of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Interests: surgical oncology; laparoscopic surgery; colorectal surgery
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) is increasingly recognized as a significant health concern, characterized by the diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) in individuals under the age of 50. The rising incidence of EOCRC necessitates updates in both screening and treatment strategies to effectively manage and treat this patient population. Lowering the age for initial screening, adopting advanced diagnostic technologies, and utilizing a multidisciplinary treatment approach are critical steps in improving outcomes for younger CRC patients. Ongoing research and adaptations of clinical practices are essential to address the unique challenges posed by EOCRC. We welcome articles on the following subjects:

Screening

Lowering the age for initial screening: Medical guidelines have been updated to recommend starting routine CRC screening at age 45 instead of 50. This change aims to catch the disease earlier in younger populations who are experiencing a rising incidence of CRC.

High-risk populations: For individuals with a family history of CRC, genetic predispositions (such as Lynch syndrome), or other risk factors, earlier and more frequent screening is recommended. Personalized screening plans are crucial for these high-risk groups.

Advanced screening techniques: There is a push for utilizing more advanced and sensitive screening methods. These include high-definition colonoscopy, fecal immunochemical tests (FITs), and multi-target stool DNA tests. These methods improve the detection rates of precancerous lesions and early-stage cancers.

Treatment

Multidisciplinary approach: Treatment of EOCRC often involves a multidisciplinary team, including oncologists, surgeons, radiologists, and genetic counselors, to provide comprehensive care tailored to the younger patient population.

Surgical innovations: Minimally invasive surgical techniques, such as laparoscopic and robotic surgeries, are being increasingly used. These methods reduce recovery time and postoperative complications, which is particularly beneficial for younger patients.

Targeted therapies and immunotherapy: Advances in the molecular profiling of tumors have led to the development of targeted therapies that are more effective and have fewer side effects compared to traditional chemotherapy. Immunotherapies, which harness a patient’s immune system to fight cancer, are also showing promise in treating EOCRC.

Genetic counseling and testing: Given the higher likelihood of genetic mutations in younger CRC patients, genetic counseling and testing are recommended. Identifying genetic mutations can influence treatment decisions and guide screening for family members.

Supportive care: Younger patients with CRC often face unique psychosocial challenges, including impacts on fertility, career, and family life. Comprehensive supportive care, including psychological support, fertility preservation, and rehabilitation services, is essential.

We look forward to your contributions.

Dr. Valentin Calu
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC)
  • colorectal cancer
  • surgical treatment
  • minimally invasive surgery
  • targeted therapy
  • immunotherapy
  • neoadjuvant therapy
  • chemotherapy
  • radiotherapy
  • colorectal cancer screening
  • palliative care

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

23 pages, 20290 KiB  
Article
TYK2 Protein Expression and Its Potential as a Tissue-Based Biomarker for the Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer
by Łukasz Zadka, Adam Ustaszewski, Natalia Glatzel-Plucińska, Agnieszka Rusak, Izabela Łaczmańska, Katarzyna Ratajczak-Wielgomas, Alicja Kmiecik, Aleksandra Piotrowska, Katarzyna Haczkiewicz-Leśniak, Agnieszka Gomułkiewicz, Magdalena Kostrzewska-Poczekaj and Piotr Dzięgiel
Cancers 2024, 16(21), 3665; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16213665 - 30 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1186
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the expression of TYK2 in colorectal cancer (CRC) and to determine the potential diagnostic and prognostic significance of this kinase. Methods: Digital image analysis was performed to assess immunohistochemical TYK2 reactivity. Results: There were [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the expression of TYK2 in colorectal cancer (CRC) and to determine the potential diagnostic and prognostic significance of this kinase. Methods: Digital image analysis was performed to assess immunohistochemical TYK2 reactivity. Results: There were significant differences for all positive pixels between CRC and normal colonic mucosa, with higher TYK2 expression levels observed in surgical margins than in adenocarcinomas (p = 0.0004). Paired t tests showed elevated immunoreactivity for overall TYK2 expression in matched pairs of CRC with adjacent surgical margins (p < 0.0001). Higher percentages of weak (p < 0.0001) and strong pixels (p = 0.0260) were detected in normal colonic mucosa than in cancer tissues. To distinguish cancer from normal intestinal mucosa, the following cutoffs for the TYK2 immune score were found: 29.5% for all cases and 31% for matched pairs. Tumor budding (Bd) was negatively correlated with the percentage of strong pixels for TYK2 (ρ = −0.270, p = 0.0096). The percentage of strong pixels was significantly elevated for the T parameter (p = 0.0428). There was a positive correlation between the number of involved lymph nodes and weak pixels (ρ = 0.239, p = 0.0242). Immunofluorescence staining showed significantly higher signal intensities in colonic mucosa than in CRC. The protein level of TYK2 was significantly higher in controls than in cancer tissues. TEM imaging showed lower levels of TYK2 in cancer than in ulcerative colitis. Conclusions: TYK2 protein expression may bring diagnostic value in patients diagnosed with CRC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer—Updates in Screening and Treatment)
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