Neural Correlates of Cognitive Workload and Learning: Portable Brain Monitoring During Skill Acquisition and Real-World Task Performance

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Neural Engineering, Neuroergonomics and Neurorobotics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 March 2026 | Viewed by 645

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
Interests: signal analysis; biomedical signal processing; brain imaging; cognitive neuroscience; biomedical engineering; event-related potentials; neurostimulation and hyperscanning

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Guest Editor
School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
Interests: neuroscience; neuroergonomics; functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS); electroencephalography (EEG); cognitive training; cognitive rehabilitation; pilots; traumatic brain injuries; executive function

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel Universi-ty, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
Interests: neuroergonomics; functional neuroimaging; biomedical signal processing; neu-roengineering; functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS); electroencephalog-raphy (EEG); brain–computer interfaces (BCIs); mobile brain/body imaging (Mo-BI); cognitive workload; working memory; attention

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Guest Editor Assistant
School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
Interests: neuroergonomics; pediatric neuroimaging; functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalogram (EEG) signal processing; brain stimulation; cognitive neuroscience; educational neuroscience; social neuroscience

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The emergence of portable neuroimaging technologies has revolutionized our ability to study cognitive function and skill acquisition in naturalistic environments, including in high-fidelity simulators, or even in actual field conditions. This Special Issue explores how wearable brain monitoring systems, such as EEG and fNIRS systems, capture neural correlates during real-world task performance, under cognitive task loads, or during skill development across diverse domains.

From surgical training to e-sports performance, and from flight simulation to motor rehabilitation, portable neuroimaging offers unprecedented insights into the neural substrates of expertise. Rather than being constrained to laboratory-based paradigms, we can now track cortical hemodynamic changes during actual laparoscopic procedures, measure attentional networks during competitive gaming sessions, or monitor motor cortex reorganization during sports training.

This Special Issue welcomes empirical studies that leverage portable neuroimaging to investigate skill acquisition in ecologically valid settings. We particularly encourage submissions that demonstrate practical training applications, validate assessment protocols, or develop open-source tools for the research community.

Key Topics

  • Short-term neural adaptations during intensive training periods (days to weeks).
  • Validation studies comparing expert vs. novice neural signatures.
  • Closed-loop training systems using real-time neural feedback.
  • Motor skill acquisition in surgery, sports, and rehabilitation.
  • Cognitive skill development in gaming, piloting, and specialized operations.
  • Open datasets and standardized protocols for skill acquisition research.
  • Multimodal integration approaches (brain + behavior + physiology).

Dr. Adrian Curtin
Dr. Sebastien Scannella
Prof. Dr. Hasan Ayaz
Guest Editors

Dr. Candida Barreto
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • portable neuroimaging
  • wearable brain sensing
  • skill acquisition
  • expertise development
  • motor learning
  • cognitive workload
  • fNIRS/EEG applications
  • neural efficiency
  • closed-loop training
  • neurostimulation (tDCS/rTMS/FUS)

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

35 pages, 457 KB  
Review
Electroencephalographic Biomarkers in Tinnitus: A Narrative Review of Current Approaches and Clinical Perspectives
by Hyeonsu Oh, Dongwoo Lee, Jae-Kwon Song, Seunghyeon Baek and In-Ki Jin
Brain Sci. 2025, 15(12), 1332; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15121332 - 14 Dec 2025
Viewed by 444
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Tinnitus causes significant cognitive and emotional distress; however, its clinical assessment mostly relies on subjective measures without evaluation of objective indices. In this narrative review, we examined the potential of electroencephalography (EEG)-based neurophysiological markers as objective biomarkers in tinnitus assessment. Methods [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Tinnitus causes significant cognitive and emotional distress; however, its clinical assessment mostly relies on subjective measures without evaluation of objective indices. In this narrative review, we examined the potential of electroencephalography (EEG)-based neurophysiological markers as objective biomarkers in tinnitus assessment. Methods: The Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE databases were searched to identify research articles on EEG-based analysis of individuals with tinnitus. Studies in which treatment and control groups were compared across four analytical domains (spectral power analysis, functional connectivity, microstate analysis, and entropy measures) were included. Qualitative synthesis was conducted to elucidate neurophysiological mechanisms, methodological characteristics, and clinical implications. Results: Analysis of 18 studies (n = 1188 participants) revealed that tinnitus is characterized by distributed neural dysfunction that extends beyond the auditory system. Spectral power analyses revealed sex-dependent, frequency-specific abnormalities across distributed brain regions. Connectivity analyses demonstrated elevated long-range coupling in high-frequency bands concurrent with diminished low-frequency synchronization. Microstate analyses revealed alterations in spatial configuration and transition probabilities. Entropy quantification indicated elevated complexity, particularly in the frontal and auditory cortices. Conclusions: EEG-derived neurophysiological markers demonstrate associations with tinnitus in group analyses and show potential for elucidating pathophysiological mechanisms. However, significant limitations, including low spatial resolution, small sample sizes, methodological heterogeneity, and lack of validation for individual-level diagnosis or treatment prediction, highlight the need for cautious interpretation. Standardized analytical protocols, larger validation studies, multimodal neuroimaging integration, and demonstration of clinical utility in prospective trials are required before EEG markers can be established as biomarkers for tinnitus diagnosis and management. Full article
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