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Brain Sciences
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Current Basic and Clinical Approaches in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Diagnostics and...
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Current Basic and Clinical Approaches in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Diagnostics and Therapeutics

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Neurodegenerative Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 August 2025 | Viewed by 5803

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Genaro G. Ortiz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
2. Postgraduate Gerontology Program, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
Interests: neurodegenerative diseases; basic and clinical approaches
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Gloria A. Benítez-King

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”, Calzada México Xochimilco No. 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Mexico City CP 14370, Mexico
Interests: basic approaches to neuropsychiatric diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Neurodegenerative diseases constitute a group of pathologies characterized by the progressive death of neuronal populations in different areas of the brain. The pathological mechanisms underlying these pathologies have not yet been fully clarified, although it has been observed that there are common pathological characteristics. This group of disorders encompasses various pathologies, with symptoms that can vary considerably. The most important neurodegenerative disorders are Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), etc. It is important to have diagnosis and treatment protocols that not only consider the neurological part since the majority present alterations in other systems. A challenge in this area is the development of new methods and therapies that improve the quality of life of patients.

Objective: analyze current advances, diagnostic and treatment approaches, as well as their protocols, and propose other scientifically based approaches in neurodegenerative diseases.

Basic and clinical research articles; reviews, especially in advances, diagnosis, and treatment.

Dr. Genaro G. Ortiz
Dr. Gloria A. Benítez-King
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Brain Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • neurodegenerative diseases
  • advances
  • diagnosis
  • treatment
  • basic clinical approach
  • treatment protocols

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 4320 KiB  
Article
Long-Term Fish Oil Supplementation Attenuates Spike Wave Discharges in the Amygdala of Adult Rats with Early-Life Febrile Seizures
by Leopoldo Eduardo Flores-Mancilla, Marisela Hernández-González, Miguel Ángel Guevara-Pérez, Herlinda Bonilla-Jaime, Noemí Gaytán-Pacheco, Claudia Araceli Reyes-Estrada and Fermín Paul Pacheco-Moisés
Brain Sci. 2025, 15(4), 395; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15040395 - 14 Apr 2025
Viewed by 434
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Febrile seizures (FS) are neuronal disturbances frequently associated with abnormal electroencephalographic activity (EEG) as spike-wave discharges (SWDs). Fish oil (FO) has high amounts of omega-3 fatty acids (θ-3), and its effects on FS alterations are poorly understood. The aim of [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Febrile seizures (FS) are neuronal disturbances frequently associated with abnormal electroencephalographic activity (EEG) as spike-wave discharges (SWDs). Fish oil (FO) has high amounts of omega-3 fatty acids (θ-3), and its effects on FS alterations are poorly understood. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of long-term FO supplementation on the EEG of the amygdala of adult male rats with early-life FS. Materials and Methods: Progenitor female Wistar rats, from puberty to gestation and delivery, were fed daily with a commercial diet supplemented with either fish oil (FO), palm oil (PO), or deionized water (CTRL). After parturition, male pups were exposed for 30 min to hyperthermia (HP) and then returned to their dams. After weaning, pups were fed a commercial diet and the respective treatments up to 155 days of age when electrodes were implanted in the amygdala. Results: During early life HP, the PO and CTRL groups reached maximal core temperature (CT) in comparison with the FO group. Furthermore, the FO group only has fewer myoclonus and long latency to adopt an uncontrolled posture. At an adult age, the FO group with early-life FS scored shorter periods of SWDs in amygdala EEG but without seizures and presented minor values of absolute power than the PO and CTRL groups. Conclusions: In adult rats, the long-term supplementation of FO minimizes the deleterious behavioral effects caused by early-life FS and decreases the occurrence and amplitude of SWDs in the EEG of the amygdala. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Basic and Clinical Approaches in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Diagnostics and Therapeutics)
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Review

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19 pages, 2543 KiB  
Review
Effect of N-Acetyl Cysteine as an Adjuvant Treatment in Alzheimer’s Disease
by Sarah Monserrat Lomelí Martínez, Fermín Paul Pacheco Moisés, Oscar Kurt Bitzer-Quintero, Javier Ramírez-Jirano, Daniela L. C. Delgado-Lara, Irán Cortés Trujillo, Juan Heriberto Torres Jasso, Joel Salazar-Flores and Erandis Dheni Torres-Sánchez
Brain Sci. 2025, 15(2), 164; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15020164 - 7 Feb 2025
Viewed by 2213
Abstract
Oxidative stress levels are exacerbated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This phenomenon feeds back into the overactivation of oxidase enzymes, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), with the stimulation of their receptors (RAGE). These factors stimulate Aβ peptide aggregation and [...] Read more.
Oxidative stress levels are exacerbated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This phenomenon feeds back into the overactivation of oxidase enzymes, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), with the stimulation of their receptors (RAGE). These factors stimulate Aβ peptide aggregation and tau hyperphosphorylation through multiple pathways, which are addressed in this paper. The aim of this study was to evaluate the regulatory effect of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on oxidant/antioxidant balance as an adjuvant treatment in patients with AD. The results obtained showed that NAC supplementation produced improved cognitive performance, decreased levels of oxidative stress markers, lowered activities of oxidase enzymes, increased antioxidant responses, and attenuated inflammatory and apoptotic markers. Moreover, NAC reversed mitochondrial dysfunction, lowered AGEs-RAGE formation, attenuated Aβ peptide oligomerization, and reduced phosphorylation of tau, thereby halting the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and the progression of AD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Basic and Clinical Approaches in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Diagnostics and Therapeutics)
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24 pages, 2889 KiB  
Review
Exosome Cargo in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Leveraging Their Intercellular Communication Capabilities for Biomarker Discovery and Therapeutic Delivery
by Shuai Zhang, Yu Yang, Xinchen Lv, Xue Zhou, Wangqian Zhao, Linfeng Meng, Shaohua Zhu, Zhixiang Zhang and Ying Wang
Brain Sci. 2024, 14(11), 1049; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14111049 - 23 Oct 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2452
Abstract
The inexorable progression of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis, is closely related to irreversible brain decline. Accurately characterizing pathophysiological features and identifying reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis and optimized treatment are critical. [...] Read more.
The inexorable progression of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis, is closely related to irreversible brain decline. Accurately characterizing pathophysiological features and identifying reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis and optimized treatment are critical. Hindered by the blood–brain barrier (BBB), obtaining sensitive monitoring indicators for disease progression and achieving efficient drug delivery remain significant challenges. Exosomes, endogenous nanoscale vesicles that carry key bioactive substances, reflect the intracellular environment and play an important role in cell signaling. They have shown promise in traversing the BBB, serving dual roles as potential biomarkers for NDs and vehicles for targeted drug delivery. However, the specific mechanisms by which exosome influence NDs are not fully understood, necessitating further investigation into their attributes and functionalities in the context of NDs. This review explores how exosomes mediate multifaceted interactions, particularly in exacerbating pathogenic processes such as oxidative stress, neuronal dysfunction, and apoptosis integral to NDs. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the profound impact of exosomes under stress and disease states, assessing their prospective utility as biomarkers and drug delivery vectors, offering new perspectives for tackling these challenging diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Basic and Clinical Approaches in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Diagnostics and Therapeutics)
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