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Antibiotics
Special Issues
Synopsis on Antimicrobials Challenges—from Dentistry to Environmental Visions
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Synopsis on Antimicrobials Challenges—from Dentistry to Environmental Visions

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 July 2021) | Viewed by 52126

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Mohammad Amjad Kamal

grade E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
2. King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
3. Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
4. Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
5. Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, Australia
Interests: biochemistry; neuroscience; enzymology; toxicology; metabolomics; nanomedicines; manual lymph drainage and miRNA; leadership in managing staff performance and chaplaincy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Oral diseases including dental caries and periodontitis are associated with microbiome shifts, and microbial-based therapies are known to be implicated in the control of these diseases. The clinical situations that require antimicrobial therapy on an empirical basis are limited and include oral infection accompanied by elevated body temperature and evidence of systemic spread. Despite the limited indications for antimicrobial use in the treatment of oral infections in published clinical guidelines, antimicrobial drugs are continuously being prescribed by dentists world-wide. Antimicrobial resistance poses a substantial threat to global public health. Host-related environmental factors play a vital role in the prevalence and treatment outcome of oral diseases. Considering this viewpoint, dental practitioners and researchers are trying to explore advanced strategies to improve oral health and host environmental factors in oral diseases, so to ameliorate treatment outcomes. Therefore, in the milieu of the well-documented antimicrobial resistance as a challenge faced by researchers and practitioners, we need to focus on how we can prevent the emergence of new antimicrobial resistance problems and control the ones already existing. We also need to focus on multidisciplinary approaches for the control environmental factors, which may greatly aid in enhancing the prevention and treatment outcome of oral diseases. This Special Issue is open to studies related to oral health, extending to environmental factors in the etiology of oral diseases. Papers, particularly those addressing strategies to improve the use of antimicrobials or prevent and control the emergence of resistance, are invited.

Prof. Dr. Mohammad Amjad Kamal
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Oral disease
  • endodontic disease
  • periapical conditions
  • periodontal disease
  • oral infections
  • peri-implant disease
  • environmental factors
  • antimicrobials
  • antibiotics
  • antimicrobial resistance
  • prevention
  • control
  • treatment outcomes

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 1443 KiB  
Article
Prevalence of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Sudan: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Khalid Hajissa, Mahfuza Marzan, Mubarak Ibrahim Idriss and Md Asiful Islam
Antibiotics 2021, 10(8), 932; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10080932 - 31 Jul 2021
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 5165
Abstract
Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is still one of the most critical issues impeding worldwide TB control efforts. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to give an updated picture of the prevalence of DR-TB in Sudan. A comprehensive systematic search was performed [...] Read more.
Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is still one of the most critical issues impeding worldwide TB control efforts. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to give an updated picture of the prevalence of DR-TB in Sudan. A comprehensive systematic search was performed on four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar) to identify all published studies reporting prevalence data of DR-TB in Sudan. Sixteen eligible studies published during 2002–2020 were included. Using meta-analysis of proportions, the pooled prevalence of TB cases with resistance to any anti-TB drugs was 47.0% (95% CI: 35.5–58.6%). The overall prevalence of mono, multi, poly and extensive drug resistance were estimated to be 16.2% (95% CI: 9.0–23.4%), 22.8% (95% CI: 16.0–29.7%), 6.8% (95% CI: 0.5–13.0%) and 0.7% (95% CI: 0–2.1%), respectively. Considering any first-line anti-TB drugs, the resistance prevalence was highest for isoniazid (32.3%) and streptomycin (31.7%), followed by rifampicin (29.2%). In contrast, resistance against second-line drugs was reported for only two antibiotics, namely, ofloxacin (2.1%) and kanamycin (0.7%). Of note, the resistance profile of the previously treated patients was found to be remarkably high compared with the newly diagnosed TB patients. The relatively high prevalence estimation of anti-TB drug resistance warrants strengthening TB control and treatment strategies in Sudan. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synopsis on Antimicrobials Challenges—from Dentistry to Environmental Visions)
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8 pages, 491 KiB  
Article
Characterization and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Pathogens Associated with Periodontal Abscess
by Muhammad Irshad, Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Ahmad Alawneh, Mohammed Abdullah Alhadi, Ahmed Abdullah Alhadi, Yasser Saleh Almunajem, Fesal Farag Alanezi, Sharafi Abdullah Al Sagoor, Abdulrahman Mudaysh Bajawi, Ahmed Ali Alfawzan and Mohammad Amjad Kamal
Antibiotics 2020, 9(10), 654; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9100654 - 29 Sep 2020
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 5118
Abstract
Knowledge of microbial composition and antimicrobials’ susceptibility to periodontal abscesses is vital for their successful treatment. The current study aims to provide a thorough overview of the clinical and microbial features of periodontal abscesses of the local community. The study was carried out [...] Read more.
Knowledge of microbial composition and antimicrobials’ susceptibility to periodontal abscesses is vital for their successful treatment. The current study aims to provide a thorough overview of the clinical and microbial features of periodontal abscesses of the local community. The study was carried out at Rehman College of Dentistry, Peshawar, Pakistan between December 2019 to March 2020. Clinical measurements and microbial samples were collected from 45 subjects. Microbial samples were anaerobically cultured for the growth of selected bacterial species. E-test was used to assess the susceptibility of bacterial species grown from the patient samples to amoxicillin, azithromycin, metronidazole, and tetracycline. The majority of affected patients had preexisting chronic periodontitis. All abscesses clinically demonstrated bleeding on probing and suppuration. The periodontal abscess was most commonly associated with lower incisors and canines, followed by lower molars and then upper incisor and canine teeth. Fusobacterium spp. (73%) was the most frequently detected species followed by Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens (65%), Porphyromonas gingivalis (46%) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (24%). The detected clinical isolates of certain bacteria demonstrated resistance to all tested antibiotics except azithromycin. We conclude that Fusobacterium spp., P. intermedia/nigrescens, P. gingivalis, C. rectus, T. forsythia and A. actinomycetemcomitans are closely associated with periodontal abscess. Bacterial species associated with periodontal abscess demonstrated some level of antimicrobial resistance to amoxicillin, metronidazole and tetracycline while antibiotic resistance to azithromycin could not be demonstrated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synopsis on Antimicrobials Challenges—from Dentistry to Environmental Visions)
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Review

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23 pages, 1557 KiB  
Review
Plant-Based Phytochemicals as Possible Alternative to Antibiotics in Combating Bacterial Drug Resistance
by Hana Mohammed Al AlSheikh, Insha Sultan, Vijay Kumar, Irfan A. Rather, Hashem Al-Sheikh, Arif Tasleem Jan and Qazi Mohd Rizwanul Haq
Antibiotics 2020, 9(8), 480; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9080480 - 4 Aug 2020
Cited by 137 | Viewed by 14887
Abstract
The unprecedented use of antibiotics that led to development of resistance affect human health worldwide. Prescription of antibiotics imprudently and irrationally in different diseases progressed with the acquisition and as such development of antibiotic resistant microbes that led to the resurgence of pathogenic [...] Read more.
The unprecedented use of antibiotics that led to development of resistance affect human health worldwide. Prescription of antibiotics imprudently and irrationally in different diseases progressed with the acquisition and as such development of antibiotic resistant microbes that led to the resurgence of pathogenic strains harboring enhanced armors against existing therapeutics. Compromised the treatment regime of a broad range of antibiotics, rise in resistance has threatened human health and increased the treatment cost of diseases. Diverse on metabolic, genetic and physiological fronts, rapid progression of resistant microbes and the lack of a strategic management plan have led researchers to consider plant-derived substances (PDS) as alternative or in complementing antibiotics against the diseases. Considering the quantitative characteristics of plant constituents that attribute health beneficial effects, analytical procedures for their isolation, characterization and phytochemical testing for elucidating ethnopharmacological effects has being worked out for employment in the treatment of different diseases. With an immense potential to combat bacterial infections, PDSs such as polyphenols, alkaloids and tannins, present a great potential for use, either as antimicrobials or as antibiotic resistance modifiers. The present study focuses on the mechanisms by which PDSs help overcome the surge in resistance, approaches for screening different phytochemicals, methods employed in the identification of bioactive components and their testing and strategies that could be adopted for counteracting the lethal consequences of multidrug resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synopsis on Antimicrobials Challenges—from Dentistry to Environmental Visions)
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19 pages, 4628 KiB  
Review
Candidiasis and Mechanisms of Antifungal Resistance
by Somanon Bhattacharya, Sutthichai Sae-Tia and Bettina C. Fries
Antibiotics 2020, 9(6), 312; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9060312 - 9 Jun 2020
Cited by 291 | Viewed by 21720
Abstract
Candidiasis can be present as a cutaneous, mucosal or deep-seated organ infection, which is caused by more than 20 types of Candida sp., with C. albicans being the most common. These are pathogenic yeast and are usually present in the normal microbiome. High-risk [...] Read more.
Candidiasis can be present as a cutaneous, mucosal or deep-seated organ infection, which is caused by more than 20 types of Candida sp., with C. albicans being the most common. These are pathogenic yeast and are usually present in the normal microbiome. High-risk individuals are patients of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), organ transplant, and diabetes. During infection, pathogens can adhere to complement receptors and various extracellular matrix proteins in the oral and vaginal cavity. Oral and vaginal Candidiasis results from the overgrowth of Candida sp. in the hosts, causing penetration of the oral and vaginal tissues. Symptoms include white patches in the mouth, tongue, throat, and itchiness or burning of genitalia. Diagnosis involves visual examination, microscopic analysis, or culturing. These infections are treated with a variety of antifungals that target different biosynthetic pathways of the pathogen. For example, echinochandins target cell wall biosynthesis, while allylamines, azoles, and morpholines target ergosterol biosynthesis, and 5-Flucytosine (5FC) targets nucleic acid biosynthesis. Azoles are commonly used in therapeutics, however, because of its fungistatic nature, Candida sp. evolve azole resistance. Besides azoles, Candida sp. also acquire resistance to polyenes, echinochandins, and 5FC. This review discusses, in detail, the drug resistance mechanisms adapted by Candida sp. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synopsis on Antimicrobials Challenges—from Dentistry to Environmental Visions)
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Other

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9 pages, 1161 KiB  
Perspective
Healthcare Challenges and Future Solutions in Dental Practice: Assessing Oral Antibiotic Resistances by Contemporary Point-Of-Care Approaches
by Georgios N. Belibasakis, Bodil K. Lund, Carina Krüger Weiner, Benita Johannsen, Desirée Baumgartner, Daniel Manoil, Margareta Hultin and Konstantinos Mitsakakis
Antibiotics 2020, 9(11), 810; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9110810 - 14 Nov 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3794
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance poses a global threat, which is being acknowledged at several levels, including research, clinical implementation, regulation, as well as by the World Health Organization. In the field of oral health, however, the issue of antibiotic resistances, as well as of accurate [...] Read more.
Antibiotic resistance poses a global threat, which is being acknowledged at several levels, including research, clinical implementation, regulation, as well as by the World Health Organization. In the field of oral health, however, the issue of antibiotic resistances, as well as of accurate diagnosis, is underrepresented. Oral diseases in general were ranked third in terms of expenditures among the EU-28 member states in 2015. Yet, the diagnosis and patient management of oral infections, in particular, still depend primarily on empiric means. On the contrary, on the global scale, the field of medical infections has more readily adopted the integration of molecular-based systems in the diagnostic, patient management, and antibiotic stewardship workflows. In this perspective review, we emphasize the clinical significance of supporting in the future antibiotic resistance screening in dental practice with novel integrated and point-of-care operating tools that can greatly support the rapid, accurate, and efficient administration of oral antibiotics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synopsis on Antimicrobials Challenges—from Dentistry to Environmental Visions)
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