Children, Volume 10, Issue 12

Background: The optimal conditioning regimen of tandem high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for high-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NBL) has not been established. The efficacy of ¹³¹I-MIBG therapy is under exploration...

The noninvasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NIV-NAVA) is a newly developed noninvasive ventilation technique with promising clinical and ventilatory outcomes for preterm infants. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate...

Introduction: Prophylactic paracetamol for extremely low gestation age neonates (ELGAN, <27 weeks’ gestation) with symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus (sPDA) in high-income countries (HIC) reduces medical and surgical interventions. Its eff...

Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is a public health issue for children, young people, and families (CYPF) and requires innovative interventions. The DigiBete app is a self-management and educational app to help CYPF and healthcare professionals (HCPs) manage T...

Home environments of infants exposed to poverty exhibit fewer affordances for child development. This study aimed to investigate the association between contextual factors and affordances in the home environments of infants facing poverty. Term infan...

Surgical treatment is indicated for hip dislocation in patients with cerebral palsy (CP), but it requires care due to the state of nutrition and associated clinical comorbidities. The use of resources that minimize blood loss and the need for blood t...

Introduction: The selection of an appropriate PROM is a crucial aspect in assessing outcomes. Questionnaires that have not been designed or validated for a paediatric population are routinely used. Using a questionnaire requires translation, cultural...

Background: This paper describes the outcomes of an integrated health promotion programme implemented in a Hungarian high school offering health education in the curriculum, daily optional physical education, teacher training in applying a person-cen...

Elevated blood pressure (EBP), hypertension (HT), and prehypertension (PHT), along with the rising prevalence of overweight/obesity in children, correlate with a heightened risk of cardiovascular complications. This study focuses on assessing the pre...

Certain individuals are clinically undiagnosed for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) but exhibit strong ASD characteristics. This study examined the differences between a control group and a “high autistic traits” group involving individuals...

Introduction: The prevalence of undernutrition among children below five years of age, in Uganda and the world over, remains very high. About 45% of all global deaths among children below five years of age are attributed to undernutrition. A number o...

Handwriting is a complex perceptual motor task that requires years of training and practice before complete mastery. Its acquisition is crucial, since handwriting is the basis, together with reading, of the acquisition of higher-level skills such as...

Recent findings have demonstrated an increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight in Portugal, urging the need to study modifiable risk factors such as parental feeding practices. The Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire (C...

Cognitive assessment is a fundamental step in diagnosing intellectual and developmental disabilities, designing interventions, and evaluating their impact. However, developed and developing countries have different access to tools designed for these...

Palliative care (PC) enhances the quality of life for patients and families facing life-threatening conditions. While PC is well-established for adults, not all practices apply to pediatrics. Consequently, specific quality indicators for Pediatric Pa...

Background: Intense or problematic media use behavior of parents could serve as a role model for their children’s media use behavior. So far, knowledge is scarce about increased children’s media use (ICMU) and its association with parenta...

Congenital dermal melanocytosis (DM) represents a common birthmark mainly found in children of Asian and darker skin phototype descent, clinically characterized by an oval blue-grey macule or macules, commonly located on the lumbosacral area. In rare...

This study investigates day-to-day variations in urinary luteinizing hormone (U-LH) concentrations in children, focusing on potential minimization or correction methods. 95 children and adolescents (51 boys, 44 girls, ages 5–17) provided daytim...

Atopic dermatitis (AD) has a negative influence on school attendance. We aimed to identify factors associated with school absenteeism in adolescents with AD. We used data from the 3rd to 11th annual Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey complet...

The importance of pediatric radiology and nuclear medicine is increasing [...]

Multiple endocrine neoplasia 2B (MEN2B) is a rare syndrome with prevalence estimated at approximately 0.2 per 100,000; it is caused by mutation of the RET proto-oncogene. MEN2B is characterized by early-onset medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), gangli...

Background: Pain in adolescence is considered a worldwide concern. Adolescents’ pain affects family functioning. However, bidirectional associations should be considered as parental determinates such as pain, stress, and sociodemographic factor...

Although adults and children differ in self-vs.-other perception, a developmental perspective on this discriminative ability at the brain level is missing. This study examined neural activation for self-vs.-other in a sample of 39 participants spanni...

Background: The impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on the pediatric population is profound. The aim of this study is to unveil the state of the evidence concerning acute neurosurgical intervention, hospitalizations after injury, and neuroimaging...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the annual, seasonal and monthly trends in children with simple and complex appendicitis and their correlation to common viral pathogens in the Netherlands. A consecutive multicenter retrospective cohort study wa...

Adolescence is a psychologically vulnerable stage in which problems of emotional adjustment and psychological well-being can appear. The aim of this study is to analyse the relationship and comparison of emotional deficits and resources among adolesc...

(1) Background: The aim of the study was to describe refractive development from early childhood to adulthood in Danish patients with albinism and to evaluate the effect of foveal developmental stage on refractive development; (2) Methods: Patients w...

The contents of this Special Issue provide a broad overview of the current landscape of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD) treatment in pediatric populations, highlighting the challenges and recent advances [...]

Prior studies of associations between hospital location and outcomes for pediatric appendectomy have not adjusted for significant differences in patient and treatment patterns between settings. This was a cross-sectional analysis of pediatric appende...

Tracheal agenesis (TA) is a rare congenital anomaly with an incidence of 1 per 50,000 newborns. It appears at birth with severe respiratory distress, cyanosis, and inaudible crying. Prompt esophageal intubation and long-term management of the esophag...

Physical activity is critical to functional rehabilitation for youth with chronic pain, which may be especially true for those with co-occurring obesity. To facilitate the development of physical activity interventions for youth with chronic pain, th...

Obesity is currently one of the most significant public health challenges worldwide due to the continuous increase in obesity rates among children, especially younger children. Complications related to obesity, including serious ones, are increasingl...

Background: The incidence/prevalence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing. IBD places a significant burden on young patients during important developmental stages and affects their families. Children and adolescents with IBD re...

Background: We aimed to conduct a systematic review and Bayesian model-averaged meta-analysis (BMA) on the association between platelet counts and severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods: We searched for studies reporting on platelet counts...

This is a literature review of ankyloglossia and its correlation with lactation problems. Ankyloglossia, commonly referred to as tongue-tie, brings about functional difficulties and, in some cases, may lead to early weaning. It is crucial to use brea...

Currently, the prevention, assessment, and management of procedural pain in neonates continues to challenge clinicians and researchers. Objective. To investigate the analgesic effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) during heel lance compared to bre...

Individuals with Williams Syndrome (WS) have a specific and atypical neuropsychological profile, where language is above what is expected for their mental age, although it shows a late onset. There exists only one longitudinal study in infants younge...

Background: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare tumors that arise from neuroendocrine cells and are the most common tumors of the appendix. NETs of the appendix usually cause no symptoms and often go unnoticed until they cause acute appendicitis or...

Prematurity has been linked to lower muscular fitness and increased morbidity across the human lifespan. Hand grip strength is widely used as a measure of muscle strength. Previous studies have shown inconsistent results regarding the role of vitamin...

Background: Existing research has revealed a robust association between bullying victimization and psychological distress, but less is known about the underlying mechanism of this link. cognitive emotion regulation (CER) strategies could be a potenti...

In situations where breastfeeding is impractical, milk formulas have emerged as the primary choice for infant nutrition. Numerous global studies have scrutinized the fluoride content in these formulas, uncovering fluctuations in fluoride levels direc...

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare hematologic disorder in the pediatric population and most cases are associated with microbiological infection. The pathological process is not completely clear, but some evidence suggests immunological dys...

Pediatric anesthesia is a field of research and assistance in which more specialization needs are emerging [...]

Background: Parents who have a newborn with a congenital heart defect experience negative emotions, which may determine the emotional state of their children. Methods: The study group included 154 parents of newborns and infants with cyanotic congeni...

This study aimed to determine, through a systematic review, the relationship between Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) and the presence of psychopathology in children and adolescents, and to determine the existence of differences in terms of interna...

Previous research has highlighted an interplay between postural abilities and linguistic skills during infancy. However, this relationship could undergo further radical transformations in other periods of development. This current study explored a pl...

Given the crucial role of vaccination in halting the COVID-19 pandemic, it is imperative to understand the factors that motivate adolescents to get vaccinated. We surveyed adolescents and their accompanying guardians scheduled to receive a COVID-19 v...

The effectiveness of probiotics in reducing the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis has been supported by a very large number of studies. However, the utilization of probiotics in preterm infants remains a topic of debate. This study aims to asses...

Background: The influence of bullying on physical activity beyond school time is uncertain, as it can vary widely in terms of type, modality, duration, adult supervision, and objectives. Methods: This study aims to analyze the relationship between sc...

Photoactivated disinfection with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) has improved primary root canal treatment outcomes. This in vitro study aims to assess and compare the disinfecting efficacy of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution and 5.25% sodium hypochlori...