Does Foveal Hypoplasia Affect Emmetropization in Patients with Albinism?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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0–2 Years | 3–5 Years | 6–8 Years | 9–12 Years | 13–17 Years | ≥18 Years | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Spherical refraction (SER) | ||||||
Grade 0–2 | 2.6 (1.5) [3] | 3.6 (1.3) [7] | 4.0 (1.5) [8] | 3.1 (149) [10] | 1.0 (4.4) [12] | 21.0(4.0) [18] |
Grade 3 | 3.8 (4.0) [6] | 4.4 (2.9) [9] | 5.1 (2.2) [7] | 3.8 (2.7) [9] | 2.5 (3.0 [7] | 1.7 (1.7) [13] |
Grade 4 | 4.6 (3.9) [21] | 4.1 (3.7) [37] | 4.2 (3.8) [38] | 3.7 (4.0) [40] | 3.9 (4.2) [35] | 3.5 (4.6) [45] |
Cylinder refractive error | ||||||
Grade 0–2 | −1.7 (1.4) [3] | −2.2 (1.2) [7] | −2.2 (1.0) [8] | −2.7 (1.5) [10] | −2.7 (1.5) [12] | −2.7 (1.7) [18] |
Grade 3 | −1.7 (1.8) [6] | −1.4 (1.5) [9] | −2.0 (1.4) [7] | −3.0 (2.0) [9] | −2.4 (1.6) [7] | −2.4 (1.9) [13] |
Grade 4 | −2.0 (0.8) [21] | −2.1 (1.2) [37] | −2.4 (1.1) [38] | −2.2 (1.6) [40] | −2.7 (1.2) [35] | −2.6 (1.3) [45] |
Spherical equivalent refractive error (SEQ) | ||||||
Grade 0–2 | 1.8 (1.4) [3] | 2.6 (1.3) [7] | 2.9(1.4) [8] | 1.8 (1.6) [10] | 1.8 (1.6) [12] | −0.3 (3.8) [18] |
Grade 3 | 3.0 (3.9) [6] | 3.7 (1.7) [9] | 4.0 (1.8) [7] | 2.3 (2.7) [9] | 1.3 (3.1) [7] | 0.5 (1.2) [13] |
Grade 4 | 3.6 (3.9) [21] | 3.0 (3.8) [37] | 3.05 (4.0) [38] | 2.6 (41) [40] | 2.6 (4.2) [35] | 3.9 (3.7) [45] |
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Kessel, L.; Kjølholm, C.D.B.; Jordana, J.T. Does Foveal Hypoplasia Affect Emmetropization in Patients with Albinism? Children 2023, 10, 1910. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10121910
Kessel L, Kjølholm CDB, Jordana JT. Does Foveal Hypoplasia Affect Emmetropization in Patients with Albinism? Children. 2023; 10(12):1910. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10121910
Chicago/Turabian StyleKessel, Line, Christine Dahlgren Bohnsack Kjølholm, and Joaquim Torner Jordana. 2023. "Does Foveal Hypoplasia Affect Emmetropization in Patients with Albinism?" Children 10, no. 12: 1910. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10121910
APA StyleKessel, L., Kjølholm, C. D. B., & Jordana, J. T. (2023). Does Foveal Hypoplasia Affect Emmetropization in Patients with Albinism? Children, 10(12), 1910. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10121910