Universe, Volume 7, Issue 9

Accumulation of new data on stellar hierarchical systems and the progress in numerical simulations of their formation open the door to genetic classification of these systems, where properties of a certain group (family) of objects are tentatively re...

We derive a correspondence between the Hawking radiation spectra emitted from general classes of Taub-NUT black holes with that induced by the relativistic motion of an accelerated Dirichlet boundary condition (i.e., a perfectly reflecting mirror) in...

Neutron stars are natural physical laboratories allowing us to study a plethora of phenomena in extreme conditions. In particular, these compact objects can have very strong magnetic fields with non-trivial origin and evolution. In many respects, its...

In the field of multi-messenger astronomy, Bayesian inference is commonly adopted to compare the compatibility of models given the observed data. However, to describe a physical system like neutron star mergers and their associated gamma-ray burst (G...

Non-trivial baryosynthesis scenarios can lead to the existence of antimatter domains in a baryon-asymmetrical Universe. The consequences of antibaryon-baryon annihilation at the border of antimatter domains is investigated. Low-density antimatter dom...

We review the recent progress in the study of line defects in three-dimensional Chern–Simons-matter superconformal field theories, notably the ABJM theory. The first part is focused on kinematical defects, supporting a topological sector of the theor...

High energy photons from astrophysical sources are unique probes for some predictions of candidate theories of Quantum Gravity (QG). In particular, Imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope (IACTs) are instruments optimised for astronomical observation...

The flattening of spiral-galaxy rotation curves is unnatural in view of the expectations from Kepler’s third law and a central mass. It is interesting, however, that the radius-independence velocity is what one expects in one less dimension. In our t...

Dark matter (DM) is one of the biggest mystery in the Universe. In this review, we start reporting the evidences for this elusive component and discussing about the proposed particle candidates and scenarios for such phenomenon. Then, we focus on rec...

We consider axionlike particles as the most probable constituents of dark matter, the Yukawa-type corrections to Newton’s gravitational law and constraints on their parameters following from astrophysics and different laboratory experiments. After a...

For a long time, the equivalent ionospheric slab thickness τ has remained in the shadow of ionospheric main parameters: the maximum density, NmF2 (or the critical frequency, foF2), and the total electron content. Empirical global models have been dev...

The study of AGB stars necessarily covers a wide range of topics, from the primary astronomical observations to their interpretation in terms of fundamental physics. All that requires proper ad hoc methodologies, among which numerical modeling of the...

In the global landscape of neutrinoless double beta ($0\nu \beta \beta$) decay search, the use of semiconductor germanium detectors provides many advantages. The excellent energy resolution, the negligible intrinsic radioactive contamination, the possibility of en...

Topological fluctuations change their nature in the different phases of strong interactions, and the interrelation of topology, chiral symmetry and confinement at high temperature has been investigated in many lattice studies. This review is devoted...

We revisited the mass spectra of the ${\Xi }_{cc}^{++}$ baryon with positive and negative parity states using Hypercentral Constituent Quark Model Scheme with Coloumb plus screened potential. The ground state of the baryon has been determined by the LHCb experime...

Young Supernova remnants (SNRs) with smaller angular sizes are likely missing from existing radio SNR catalogues, caused by observational constraints and selection effects. In order to find new compact radio SNR candidates, we searched the high angul...

The evolution of extensive air shower detection as a technique for $\gamma$-ray astronomical instrumentation for the last three decades is reviewed. The first discoveries of galactic PeVatrons by the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory demonstrate th...

In this paper, we analyze the Schwarzschild-like wormhole in the Asymptotically Safe Gravity(ASG) scenario. The ASG corrections are implemented via renormalization group methods, which, as consequence, provides a new tensor $X_{\mu \nu }$ as a source to improve...

Model-independent searches for physics beyond the Standard Model typically focus on invariant masses of two objects (jets, leptons or photons). In this study, we explore opportunities for similar model-agnostic searches in multi-body invariant masses...

Supernova neutrino bursts have been observed from extragalactic distances. This note addresses the question of how gravitational lensing could distort the information in the burst. We apply the gravitational lens hypothesis to try to understand the t...

Analogue systems are used to test Hawking radiation, which is hard to observe in actual black holes. One such system is the electrical transmission line, but it suffers the inevitable issue of excess heat that collapses the successfully generated ana...

In this review, we provide a short outlook of some of the current most popular pictures and promising approaches to non-perturbative physics and confinement in gauge theories. A qualitative and by no means exhaustive discussion presented here covers...

In this paper we study the possibility of efficient pair production in a pulsar’s magnetosphere. It has been shown that by means of relativistic centrifugal force the electrostatic field exponentially amplifies. As a result the field approaches the S...

For gravitational wave (GW) detected neutron star mergers, one of the leading candidates for electromagnetic (EM) counterparts is the afterglow from an ultra-relativistic jet. Where this afterglow is observed, it will likely be viewed off-axis, such...

In the present review we provide an extensive analysis of the intertwinement between Feynman integrals and cohomology theories in light of recent developments. Feynman integrals enter in several perturbative methods for solving non-linear PDE, starti...

We present a review on some of the basic aspects concerning quantum cosmology in the presence of cut-off physics as it has emerged in the literature during the last fifteen years. We first analyze how the Wheeler–DeWitt equation describes the quantum...

The search for Galactic pevatrons is now a well-identified key science project of all instruments operating in the very-high-energy domain. Indeed, in this energy range, the detection of gamma rays clearly indicates that efficient particle accelerati...

Double-spiral galaxies are common in the Universe. It is known that the logarithmic double spiral is a Maximum Entropy geometry in hyperbolic (flat) spacetime that well represents an idealised spiral galaxy, with its central supermassive black hole (...

M dwarfs are main sequence stars and they exist in all stages of galaxy evolution. As the living fossils of cosmic evolution, the study of M dwarfs is of great significance to the understanding of stars and the stellar populations of the Milky Way. P...

Optical and near-infrared observations are compiled for the three gamma-ray binaries hosting Be stars: PSR B1259−63, LSI+61 303, and HESS J0632+057. The emissions from the Be disk are considered to vary according to the changes in its structure, some...

In this paper we infer the mass composition of the ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) from measurements of $X_{\max }$ distributions recorded at the Pierre Auger (2014) and Telescope Array (TA) (2016) Observatories, by fitting them with all possible com...

The Virgo detector, based at the EGO (European Gravitational Observatory) and located in Cascina (Pisa), played a significant role in the development of the gravitational-wave astronomy. From its first scientific run in 2007, the Virgo detector has c...

In the case of two-scalar field cosmology, and specifically for the Chiral model, we determine an exact solution for the field equations with an anisotropic background space. The exact solution can describe anisotropic inflation with a Kantowski–Sach...

Using the lattice gauge field theory, we study the relation among the local chiral condensate, monopoles, and color magnetic fields in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). First, we investigate idealized Abelian gauge systems of (1) a static monopole–antimo...

Although the standard lambda cold dark matter cosmological model is quite successful in describing the universe, there are still several issues that are still not resolved. Some of these are the cosmological constant problem, certain anomalies in the...

Capturing Near-Earth Asteroids (NEAs) in the Earth-Moon system is a potential method of future space exploration and resource utilization. In order to make the captured NEA easily rendezvoused by spacecrafts, it is expected to capture the asteroid in...

Two new flavor quantum numbers D and U for down and up quarks, respectively, are introduced, and then quark quantum number H is proposed as the sum of the flavor quantum numbers of quarks. Moreover, lepton quark-like quantum number $H_L$ and finally fer...

Classical physics is approached from quantum mechanics in the macroscopic limit. The technical device to achieve this goal is the quantum version of the central limit theorem, derived for an observable at a given time and for the time-dependent expec...

The Gerda (GERmanium Detector Array) project, located at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), was started in 2005, a few years after the claim of evidence for the neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu \beta \beta$) of ${}^{76}$Ge to the ground state of ${}^{76}$Se: it is...