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Vaccines, Volume 10, Issue 11
November 2022 - 206 articles
Cover Story: Current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are administered systemically and result in poor immunogenicity at the mucosa, ultimately failing to prevent infection. We engineered B. subtilis spores to express SARS-CoV-2 antigens and used these to nasally boost a systemic prime consisting of either the rSpike protein or the AZD1222 vaccine. This heterologous systemic prime–mucosal boost strategy evoked mucosal IgA and is potentially protective, as shown in the hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Coupled with their ease of production, heat stability, and extraordinary resistance properties, spore vaccines, used mucosally, lend themselves to pandemic situations, facilitating a method with which to both augment systemic immunity as well as induce mucosal immunity, a prerequisite for complete protection. Such an approach is likely to have applications in other viral diseases. View this paper
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Vaccines - ISSN 2076-393X