2025 September - 128 articles
Background/Objectives: Glutamatergic neurotransmission is essential for the normal functioning of the retina. Photoreceptor to bipolar and bipolar to ganglion cell signaling is mediated by L-glutamate, which is stored in and released from vesicular g...
Introduction: Leukoaraiosis (LA) or white matter disease is a significant component of vascular dementia. There is a large overlap noted between normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and LA. A previously reported lumped parameter modelling study of NPH...
Language, a uniquely human cognitive faculty, is fundamentally characterized by its capacity for complex thoughts and structured expressions. This review examines two critical measures of linguistic performance: idea density (ID) and grammatical comp...
Introduction: Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) has been associated with improvements in the negative symptoms (NSs) of schizophrenia. However, optimizing by shorter protocols remains necessary. Furthermore, understanding their impact on ot...
Mood disorders are among the most disabling and complex psychiatric conditions, affecting millions worldwide and contributing substantially to morbidity, mortality, and healthcare utilization [...]
Background: Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) can occur due to malnutrition or reduced intestinal absorption, such as in short bowel syndrome (SBS). The main causes of SBS in adults include post-radiotherapy and surgery (e.g., repeated bowel resections). VA...
Objectives: The present study aimed to analyze the growth dynamics of the ossification centers of the seventh cervical (C7) vertebra in the human fetus, focusing on linear, planar, and volumetric parameters of both the vertebral body and neural proce...
Background/Objectives: The ability to drive is closely linked to participation in daily activities and quality of life in people living with neurological disorders. Cognitive deficits in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) are known to hinder this...
Purpose: Cadaveric dissection is a cornerstone of neurosurgical education, providing trainees with a realistic 3D understanding of anatomy and a safe environment to practice surgical approaches. A preservation technique was developed that merges the...
Background/Objectives: Recent social neuroscience research has increasingly shifted from individual moral decision-making to the study of how people negotiate moral dilemmas in interpersonal contexts. This multimethod hyperscanning study investigated...
Background: Severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) in adults remains a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Early identification of reliable predictors of outcome is crucial for risk stratification and ICU management. Disturbances of he...
Background/Objectives: The Seeds of Literacy project has followed infants at family risk for dyslexia (FR group) and infants not at family risk (NFR group) since the age of 5 months, exploring whether infant measures of auditory sensitivity and phono...
Brain–Computer Interfaces (BCIs) offer a non-invasive pathway for restoring motor function, particularly for individuals with limb loss. This review explored the effectiveness of Electroencephalography (EEG) and function Near-Infrared Spectrosc...
Background: Heatstroke is the most severe form of heat-related illness. It is characterized by an elevated core body temperature and central nervous system dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between heatstroke and s...
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that manifests in early childhood and persists throughout an individual’s life. Characterized by a range of symptoms affecting social interaction, communication, and behav...
Background: Intracranial atherosclerosis disease (ICAD) represents a significant etiology of stroke. This study aimed to evaluate correlations between intracranial atherosclerotic burden and risk of ischemic events. Methods: In this prospective obser...
Background/Objectives: Emerging evidence implicates impaired DNA repair mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD), particularly in the context of oxidative stress and environmental exposures. This study investigated the associa...
Background: Traditional aphasia therapy is often limited by insufficient dosage, a barrier that AI-assisted digital therapies are poised to overcome. However, it remains unclear whether gains on specific tasks translate to functional, real-world comm...
Background: Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs, commercially known as “Spice”) have become a leading cause of substance-induced psychosis worldwide. These compounds show strong associations not only with acute psychotic episod...
Background: A spinal cord contusion injury is among the most clinically relevant models for studying pathophysiology and for developing potential therapeutic interventions for spinal cord injuries (SCI). Methods: In this study, we implemented an intr...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide due to an aging population. AD is characterized as a progressive neurodegenerative disease that leads to atrophy of brain tissue, causing cognitive deficits. Amyloid beta p...
Menopause is a natural phase in a woman’s life marked by the cessation of menstruation, typically accompanied by hormonal fluctuations that have significant impacts on physical and mental health. While much attention has been given to the physi...
Background: Spatial navigation is one’s ability to travel through their environment to reach a goal location. Self-expansion is the motivation to increase one’s self-perception through engaging in novel activities. Our objective was to ex...
Background/Objectives: Mental fatigue during driving, whether passive (arising from monotony) or active (caused by cognitive overload), is a critical factor for road safety. Despite the growing interest in monitoring techniques based on neurophysiolo...
Background: The voxel-based specific regional analysis system for Alzheimer’s disease (VSRAD) allows quantitative evaluation of the degree of an individual’s brain atrophy through statistical comparison of brain magnetic resonance imaging...
Background/Objectives: This study sets out to explore how L1 Mandarin speakers with varying lengths of L2 experience perceived English focus interrogative tune, L*H-H%, within the framework of the autosegmental–metrical model. Methods: Eighteen...
Background/Objectives: This study investigates the efficacy of working memory training (WMT) using the dual N-back (DNB) task on cognitive performance in young adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Methods: Over the course of a...
Background: Functional Neurological Disorders (FNDs) encompass a spectrum of disabling conditions, including functional limb weakness, tremor, gait disorders, seizures, and cognitive impairments. While previously diagnosed by exclusion, a growing con...
Background: Vascular endothelial function is closely related to brain health, especially in individuals with cardiovascular risk factors. In a randomized, crossover clinical trial (NCT04121741), we have previously shown that 30 min of singing improve...
New-onset vertigo, dizziness and gait imbalance are amongst the most common symptoms presenting to the emergency department, accounting for 2.1–4.4% of all patients. The broad spectrum of underlying causes in these patients cuts across many spe...
Background/Objectives: People with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) and their communication partners report that having conversations becomes more difficult over time. They want speech and language therapy to help them have better conversations. Com...
Background: The Weekly Calendar Planning Activity (WCPA) is one of the assessments of functional cognition, including executive function, by the cognitive instrumental activities of daily living (C-IADL). It is translated and adapted in many countrie...
Objective: This study aims to analyze the diagnostic patterns of cavernoma-related epilepsy, the management of antiseizure medications, and clinical outcomes following microsurgical treatment in patients with late-diagnosed epilepsy secondary to cave...
Background: Language learning has been proposed as a non-pharmacological intervention to promote healthy aging. This intervention has not been studied in older adults with a history of depression, who experience high prevalence of cognitive dysfuncti...
Bilingual aphasia is shaped by a dynamic interplay of neural, cognitive, linguistic, and experiential factors that influence both impairment and recovery. This review synthesizes current evidence on bilingual language organization, assessment, and tr...
Background/Objectives: Early and accurate detection of glaucoma is vital for preventing irreversible vision loss, yet traditional diagnostic approaches relying solely on unimodal retinal imaging are limited by data sparsity and constrained context. F...
Background: Diabetes is a leading cause of death globally and is strongly associated with aging-related conditions, such as cognitive decline. Both diabetes and cognitive impairment share overlapping biological mechanisms, including vascular damage a...
Although antiretroviral regimens achieve durable suppression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication, individuals living with HIV remain at an increased risk of developing chronic comorbidities, such as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorde...
Background/Objectives: Both invasive and non-invasive electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve have been studied as potential treatments for neurological conditions, with mixed results. Ultrasonic Vagus Nerve Stimulation (U-VNS), which non-invasivel...
Background/Objective: Sleep is significant for human mental and physical health. Sleep disorders represent a crucial risk to human health, and a large portion of the world population suffers from them. The efficient identification of sleep disorders...
The idea that gut microbes or a “bacillus of crime” might promote criminal behavior was popularized in the early 20th century. Today, advances in neuromicrobiology and related omics technologies are lending credibility to the idea. In rec...
Sleep disorders are highly prevalent in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), profoundly impacting their neurodevelopment and daily functioning. Alterations in sleep architecture and regulatory mechanisms contribute to difficulties with sleep...
Background/Objectives: Respiratory impairment is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in participants with spinal cord injury (SCI). Cervical SCI (cSCI) severely compromises respiratory function due to paralysis and weakness of the respirator...
Background: the Skill, Rule, and Knowledge (S-R-K) model is a framework used to describe and analyze human behaviour and decision-making in complex environments based on the nature of the task and kind of cognitive control required. The S-R-K model i...
Addiction remains a persistent public health crisis, marked by poor treatment retention and limited pharmacotherapy options. Emerging treatments, such as psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy and neuromodulation, offer promising avenues for circuit-leve...
Background: Despite the profound behavioral effects of the striatal dopamine (DA) activity and the inwardly rectifying potassium channel (Kir) being a key determinant of striatal medium spiny neuron (MSN) activity that strongly affects behavior, prev...
Background: Generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disorder marked by antibody-mediated disruption of neuromuscular transmission. Despite advancements in immunosuppressive therapies and biologics, a subset of patients remai...
Background/Objectives: Depression is a mental disorder that can lead to self-harm or suicidal thoughts if left untreated. Psychiatrists often face challenges in identifying the most effective courses of treatment for patients with depression. Two wid...
Background/Objectives: Fibromyalgia causes chronic long-term pain, with symptoms lasting for months to years. Given the lack of evidence-based methods for diagnosing and assessing fibromyalgia, it ranks among the most difficult chronic pain condition...
Objectives: The brain network serves as a reliable tool for diagnosing neurological disorders. However, the current modeling algorithms for brain networks often rely on several assumptions regarding the interactions between brain regions, which can b...
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