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Brain Sciences
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Application of MRI in Brain Diseases
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Application of MRI in Brain Diseases

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Neurotechnology and Neuroimaging".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 6 November 2025 | Viewed by 394

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Carlo A. Mallio

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Research Unit of Radiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
Interests: neuroradiology; oncologic imaging; contrast media; artificial intelligence
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Gianfranco Di Gennaro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Græcia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
Interests: epidemiology; advanced biostatistics; statistical modelling; neuroradiology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Andrea Elefante

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
Interests: oncologic imaging; advanced imaging; diagnostic imaging

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to generate pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes inside the body. MRI scanners use strong magnetic fields, magnetic field gradients, and radio waves to form images of the organs in the body. The technology continually evolves as groundbreaking innovations and applications emerge. For example, some researchers use non-contrast MRI surveillance of craniopharyngiomas; some researchers found that by employing the spherical mean MRI technique, they can detect the IDH status in brain gliomas; and some researchers utilize generative artificial intelligence to transform grayscale MRI images into colour. This helps us to better understand multiple sclerosis, among other diseases.

This Special Issue, "Application of MRI in Brain Diseases", explores the forefront of this discipline. In an era marked by technological advancements, this collection of articles spotlights the transformative impact of MRI on diagnostics, treatment, and research in brain diseases.

This Special Issue delves into the vanguard of MRI, providing fresh insights and new avenues for clinicians, researchers, and practitioners.

Dr. Carlo A. Mallio
Dr. Gianfranco Di Gennaro
Prof. Dr. Andrea Elefante
Guest Editors

 

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Brain Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
  • medical imaging
  • neurological disorders
  • mental disorders
  • brain diseases
  • diagnosis
  • treatment

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

18 pages, 1065 KiB  
Review
Multimodal Neuroimaging of Obesity: From Structural-Functional Mechanisms to Precision Interventions
by Wenhua Liu, Na Li, Dongsheng Tang, Lang Qin and Zhiqiang Zhu
Brain Sci. 2025, 15(5), 446; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15050446 - 25 Apr 2025
Viewed by 264
Abstract
Purpose: Obesity’s metabolic consequences are well documented; however, its neurobiological underpinnings remain elusive. This systematic review addresses a critical gap by synthesizing evidence on obesity-induced neuroplasticity across structural, functional, and molecular domains through advanced neuroimaging. Methods: According to PRISMA guidelines, we systematically searched [...] Read more.
Purpose: Obesity’s metabolic consequences are well documented; however, its neurobiological underpinnings remain elusive. This systematic review addresses a critical gap by synthesizing evidence on obesity-induced neuroplasticity across structural, functional, and molecular domains through advanced neuroimaging. Methods: According to PRISMA guidelines, we systematically searched (2015–2024) across PubMed/Web of Science, employing MeSH terms: (“Obesity” [Majr]) AND (“Neuroimaging” [Mesh] OR “Magnetic Resonance Imaging” [Mesh]). A total of 104 studies met the inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria required the following: (1) multimodal imaging protocols (structural MRI/diffusion tensor imaging/resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)/positron emission tomography (PET)); (2) pre-/post-intervention longitudinal design. Risk of bias was assessed via the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Key Findings: 1. Structural alterations: 7.2% mean gray matter reduction in prefrontal cortex (Cohen’s d = 0.81). White matter integrity decline (FA reduction β = −0.33, p < 0.001) across 12 major tracts. 2. Functional connectivity: Resting-state hyperactivity in mesolimbic pathways (fALFF + 23%, p-FDR < 0.05). Impaired fronto–striatal connectivity (r = −0.58 with BMI, 95% CI [−0.67, −0.49]). 3. Interventional reversibility: Bariatric surgery restored prefrontal activation (Δ = +18% vs. controls, p = 0.002). Neurostimulation (transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) enhanced cognitive control (post-treatment β = 0.42, p = 0.009). Conclusion: 1. Obesity induces multidomain neural reorganization beyond traditional reward circuits. 2. Neuroimaging biomarkers (e.g., striatal PET-dopamine binding potential) predict intervention outcomes (AUC = 0.79). 3. Precision neuromodulation requires tripartite integration of structural guidance, functional monitoring, and molecular profiling. Findings highlight neuroimaging’s pivotal role in developing stage-specific therapeutic strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of MRI in Brain Diseases)
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