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Brain Sciences, Volume 11, Issue 3

March 2021 - 128 articles

Cover Story: Stroke induces a loss in neurovascular coupling and an increase in reactive astrogliosis while producing abnormal conditions of excitability and plasticity in brain regions surrounding the infarct, which underlies the lasting disabilities observed in stroke patients. Drugs that block tonic GABA signalling promote neuronal excitability, enhance LTP formation, and lead to long-lasting enhancements in learning. Herein, GABAc receptors, which are found on astrocytes, were assessed as novel pharmacological targets for stroke recovery. Dampening GABAc receptor-mediated GABA signalling in astrocytes results in dampened reactive astrogliosis, improved astrocytic GABA uptake, and a lasting improvement in functional recovery. Image created using BioRender.com. View this paper.
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Articles (128)

  • Review
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,217 Views
12 Pages

Prevalence of Neural Autoantibodies in Epilepsy of Unknown Etiology: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

  • Pablo Cabezudo-García,
  • Natalia Mena-Vázquez,
  • Nicolás L. Ciano-Petersen,
  • Guillermina García-Martín,
  • Guillermo Estivill-Torrús and
  • Pedro J. Serrano-Castro

Background: The prevalence of neural autoantibodies in epilepsy of unknown etiology varies among studies. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the pooled global prevalence and the prevalence for each antibody. Method...

  • Review
  • Open Access
18 Citations
5,388 Views
30 Pages

The resilience of high-grade gliomas (HGGs) against conventional chemotherapies is due to their heterogeneous genetic landscape, adaptive phenotypic changes, and immune escape mechanisms. Innovative immunotherapies have been developed to counteract t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,263 Views
14 Pages

Distinctive Frontal and Occipitotemporal Surface Features in Neglectful Parenting

  • Inmaculada León,
  • María José Rodrigo,
  • Ileana Quiñones,
  • Juan Andrés Hernández-Cabrera and
  • Lorna García-Pentón

Although the brain signatures of adaptive human parenting are well documented, the cortical features associated with maladaptive caregiving are underexplored. We investigated whether cortical thickness and surface area vary in a small group of mother...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,381 Views
10 Pages

Blood Pressure and Risk of Cognitive Impairment: The Role of Vascular Disease in Neurodegeneration

  • Mar Carmona-Abellan,
  • Malwina Trzeciak,
  • Miriam Recio Fernández,
  • Beatriz Echeveste,
  • Laura Imaz,
  • Maria-Rosario Luquin and
  • Mario Riverol

(1) Background: Both cerebral vascular disorders and cognitive decline increase in incidence with age. The role of cerebral vascular disease and hemodynamic changes in the development of cognitive deficits is controversial. The objective of this stud...

  • Opinion
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,923 Views
7 Pages

Oxygen Therapy in Headache Disorders: A Systematic Review

  • Tiziana Ciarambino,
  • Gennaro Sansone,
  • Giovanni Menna,
  • Ombretta Para,
  • Giuseppe Signoriello,
  • Laura Leoncini and
  • Mauro Giordano

Background: The global active prevalence of migraines is approximately 14.7%. Oxygen therapy may reduce the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) which often have various negative side effects. The purpose of this systematic review is...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,404 Views
10 Pages

Variation of Autonomic Nervous System Function by Age and Gender in Thai Ischemic Stroke Patients

  • Warawoot Chuangchai,
  • Wiraporn Pothisiri and
  • Phumdecha Chanbenjapipu

Background: Ischemic stroke is one of the major causes of disability and mortality. Its effects on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) through nonlinear heart rate variability (HRV) and pulse transit time (PTT) have not been well explored among Thai p...

  • Case Report
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,200 Views
6 Pages

Intracranial Venous Sinus Stenting in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

  • Dinesh Ramanathan,
  • Zachary D. Travis,
  • Emmanuel Omosor,
  • Taylor Wilson,
  • Nikhil Sahasrabudhe and
  • Anish Sen

We describe a case of severe headaches, double vision, and progressive vision loss secondary to a ruptured intracranial cyst (IAC) in a 31-year-old woman with no relevant past medical history. The case is peculiar because drainage of the subdural hyg...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,461 Views
19 Pages

Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging Fiber Tractography of Major White Matter Tracts in Neurosurgery

  • Miriam H. A. Bopp,
  • Julia Emde,
  • Barbara Carl,
  • Christopher Nimsky and
  • Benjamin Saß

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-based fiber tractography is routinely used in clinical applications to visualize major white matter tracts, such as the corticospinal tract (CST), optic radiation (OR), and arcuate fascicle (AF). Nevertheless, DTI is li...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,710 Views
5 Pages

Birds of a Feather Flock Together: Disadvantageous Decision Making in Augmented Restless Legs Syndrome Patients with and without Impulse Control Disorders

  • Beatrice Heim,
  • Philipp Ellmerer,
  • Ambra Stefani,
  • Anna Heidbreder,
  • Elisabeth Brandauer,
  • Birgit Högl,
  • Klaus Seppi and
  • Atbin Djamshidian

Background: Augmentation (AUG) in patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS) can be associated with impulse control disorder (ICD) symptoms, such as compulsive sexual behavior, gambling disorder or compulsive shopping. In this study, we wanted to ass...

  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
12,626 Views
35 Pages

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive method used to investigate neurophysiological integrity of the human neuromotor system. We describe in detail, the methodology of a single pulse TMS protocol that was performed in a large coho...

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Brain Sci. - ISSN 2076-3425