Applied Sciences, Volume 9, Issue 17

In this work, a physical and numerical simulation of cathodic current for different designs of the channel distribution in PEM fuel cells was carried out. The first design consisted serpentine-type channels with abrupt changes in flow direction. On t...

Partially coherent pulsed beams have many applications in pulse shaping, fiber optics, ghost imaging, etc. In this paper, a novel class of partially coherent pulsed (PCP) sources with circular spatial coherence distribution and sinc temporal coherenc...

With the rapid developments of Internet technology, a mass of law cases is constantly occurring and needs to be dealt with in time. Automatic classification of law text is the most basic and critical process in the online law advice platform. Deep ne...

We propose a high-performance algorithm while using a promoted and modified form of the You Only Look Once (YOLO) model, which is based on the TensorFlow framework, to enhance the real-time monitoring of traffic-flow problems by an intelligent transp...

Life-cycle assessments (LCAs) were conducted to evaluate the replacement of sand with coal bottom ash (CBA) in concrete. CBA is a byproduct of coal-fueled electricity production. Sand was replaced with CBA at proportions of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 wt....

Soil loss can be reduced by enhancing the slip resistance of soil. Therefore, the slip resistance of borrowed soil of rock slopes is key to ecological restoration. An effective way to enhance the soil slip resistance is to improve the permeability an...

In this paper, the needle insertion motion control of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compatible robot, which is actuated by a pneumatic cylinder with long transmission lines, is considered and a pressure observer based adaptive dynamic surface co...

A synchronizer is a key component in automotive transmission. It is necessary to detect the matching quality between a synchronizer ring and cone. For this purpose, a friction torque based detection system of matching quality between a synchronizer r...

Silicon micropillars with tunable sizes are successfully fabricated on copper foils by using nanosecond-pulsed laser irradiation and then used as anodes for lithium-ion batteries. The size of the silicon micropillars is manipulated by using different...

This study aims at evaluating the congestion level of pedestrians in metro stations. Twelve hours (4 h × three facilities) of video data were collected in the channel, stairway, and platform in a metro station in the city of Ningbo, China. The indica...

To probe into the time-dependent behaviour of the ballastless track–bridge structural system under train load, based on the import of the static and fatigue damage constitutive model of materials to simulate damage deterioration of the structur...

Quasi-ordered hexagonal close-packed Al nanodents, with depths of 30 nm and top-diameters of 300 nm prepared by electrochemical anodizing, are used to manage the output spectrum of white Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). Significant short wavelength ligh...

As an important part of the turbomachinery, the rotor–bearing system has been upgraded to provide a high rotating speed in order to meet the demand of high power production. With increasing demand for stability, the squeeze film damper (SFD) has been...

Different manufacturing processes can be utilized to fabricate light-weight high-strength materials for their applications in a wide spectrum of industries such as aerospace, automotive and biomedical sectors among which accumulative roll bonding (AR...

Rockburst hazards induced by high geostress are particularly prominent during the construction of underground engineering. Prevention and control of rockburst is still a global challenge in the field of geotechnical engineering, which is of great sig...

Aerospace missions require that pyrotechnic compositions are able to withstand 180 °C. Therefore, this paper studies the thermal stability and output performance of boron/potassium nitrate (abbreviated BPN) used in pyrotechnic devices. Firstly, d...

Major depressive disorder is a psychiatric disease having approximately a 20% lifetime prevalence in adults in the United States (U.S.), as reported by Hasin et al. in JAMA Psichiatry 2018 75, 336–346. Symptoms include low mood, anhedonia, decr...

A combined experiment and numerical analysis was performed to determine whether the flow field has a significant impact on the simultaneous verification of multi-ultrasonic flowmeters (UFMs) in tandem arrangement (SVUFMST) and whether the SVUFMST is...

The fuel cell is an electrochemical energy converter that directly converts the chemical energy of the fuel into electrical current and heat. The fuel cell has been able to identify itself as a source of clean energy over the past few decades. In ord...

An internal permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) was designed for heavy-load traction vehicles applied in port transportation. Based on finite element analysis (FEA), the rotor iron core topology was optimized with the most attention paid to...

This paper presents the results of the process of vermicomposting waste biomass of littoral plants Typha latifolia, Iris pseudacorus, Ceratophyllum demersum in vermireactors, with the use of earthworms Eisenia fetida. It was observed that E. fetida m...

Laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) are generated on titanium and silicon nitride surfaces by multiple femtosecond laser pulses. An optical imaging system is used to observe the backscattered light during the patterning process. A chara...

The optimal strut-and-tie models (STMs) of two typical irregular concrete deep beams were constructed using evolutionary structural optimization and compared with those of previous studies. The reinforced concrete deep beam specimens were cast accord...

A massive explosion of a liquid-propellant rocket in the course of an accident can lead to a truly catastrophic event, which would threaten the safety of personnel and facilities around the launch site. In order to study the propagation of near-groun...

Recently, the approach that defines the total life cycle assessment (LCA) and the end of life (EoL) in the early design phases is becoming even more promising. Literature evidences many advantages in terms of the saving of costs and time and in the f...

Dimensionality reduction is an important research area for hyperspectral remote sensing images due to the redundancy of spectral information. Sparsity preserving projection (SPP) is a dimensionality reduction (DR) algorithm based on the l₁-graph, whi...

The optimal fixed-point quantum search (OFPQS) algorithm [Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 210501 (2014)] achieves both the fixed-point property and quadratic speedup over classical algorithms, which gives a sufficient condition on the number of iterations to e...

Holograms show great potential in optical or acoustical waves applications due to their capability to reconstruct images. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme to realize acoustic holograms based on an ultrathin metasurface with arbitrary phase co...

Aggregation technology can integrate distributed energy resources (DERs) into resource aggregation (RA) to achieve efficient utilization of resources. This paper studies a DERs aggregation model to construct a RA. Firstly, considering the uncertainty...

Quantitative experiments of lithiation/delithiation rates were considered for a better understanding of electrochemical intercalation/deintercalation processes in laser structured thick film cathodes. Besides galvanostatic cycling for evaluation of s...

In order to understand the gap flow between two cylinders, the characteristics of flow around two stationary cylinders and the flow-induced vibration of two staggered cylinders with roughness strips are numerically studied. The lift–drag respon...

Effective cancer treatment requires a clear subtype. Due to the small sample size, high dimensionality, and class imbalances of cancer gene data, classifying cancer subtypes by traditional machine learning methods remains challenging. The gcForest al...

The evolution of interfacial morphology and shear strengths of the joints soldered with Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu (SAC0307) and SAC0307-0.05Pr aged at 150 °C for different times (h; up to 840 h) were investigated. The experiments showed the electronic joint...

Changes in the environment and human activities can cause serious deterioration of murals. Hyperspectral imaging technology can observe murals in the range of visible to near infrared light, providing a scientific and non-destructive way for mural di...

Dynamic compaction and geogrid reinforcement are two of the well-known methods used in improving the mechanical properties of fill foundations. In order to investigate their mutual restriction when used simultaneously and optimize the design paramete...

In areas where solar energy is abundant, such as the Tibetan plateau, passive solar buildings are attracting more and more attention and becoming a popular form of rural building. However, it is often difficult to achieve the satisfactory indoor ther...

To study the influence of turbulence on the wind pressure and aerodynamic behavior of smooth circular cylinders, wind tunnel tests of a circular cylinder based on wind pressure testing were conducted for different wind speeds and turbulent flows. The...

Photovoltaic output is affected by solar irradiance, ambient temperature, instantaneous cloud cluster, etc., and the output sequence shows obvious intermittent and random features, which creates great difficulty for photovoltaic output prediction. Ai...

With the capability of confining light into subwavelength scale, plasmonic tweezers have been used to trap and manipulate nanoscale particles. It has huge potential to be utilized in biomolecular research and practical biomedical applications. In thi...

The aim of this study is to develop a fast data fusion method for recognizing metro-to-bus transfer trips based on combined data from smart cards and a GPS system. The method is intended to establish station- and time-specific elapsed time thresholds...

In the printing industry, defect detection is of crucial importance for ensuring the quality of printed matter. However, rarely has research been conducted for web offset printing. In this paper, we propose an automatic defect detection method for we...

This paper presents a novel analytical method (NAM) of inductance identification for a direct drive permanent magnet synchronous motor (DDPMSM) with a stator winding fault (SWF), which considers the spatial position of the shorted turns. First, the s...

This paper performed a numerical study into the dynamic stress improvement of an axial-flow pump and validated the simulation results with a prototype test. To further analyze the dynamic stress characteristics of impeller blades of axial-flow pumps,...

The work presented in this paper focuses on the design of a robust nonlinear flight control system for a small fixed-wing UAV against uncertainties and external disturbances. Toward this objective, an integrated UAV waypoints guidance scheme based on...

In order to improve the scientific and rationality of power quality (PQ) comprehensive evaluation, an improved Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) strategy in consideration of the correlation between indices is...

Recently, technology startups have leveraged the potential of blockchain-based technologies to govern institutions or interpersonal trust by enforcing signed treaties among different individuals in a decentralized environment. However, it is going to...

To improve the utilization value of electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) containing zinc, the reduction behavior of non-agglomerate dust was investigated with carbon and ferrosilicon in an induction furnace. The experimental results show that when the te...

All real-world systems are affected by the saturation phenomenon due to inherent physical limitations of actuators. These limitations should be taken into account in the controller’s design to prevent a possibly severe deterioration of the syst...

The objective of this paper involves the analysis, identification and evaluation of different possibilities offered by technology for the improvement and the management of the use of energy and hybridization in railways: On board generation, demand r...

The key issue for construction of subsea tunnels through unfavorable geological conditions is to determine a reasonable reinforcement scheme, while the core problem for the reinforcement design is to accurately evaluate the mechanical behavior of sur...