Applied Sciences, Volume 12, Issue 21

This paper assessed the evolution of the performance ratio (PR) of a utility-scale photovoltaic (PV) installation that operates at subtropical climate conditions. The period of study encompassed 8 years, and the PR was calculated according to the ICE...

Aiming to solve the problem of the distinction of scrambled linear block codes, a method for identifying the scrambling types of linear block codes by combining correlation features and convolution long short-term memory neural networks is proposed i...

Damage in grouted joints is an unavoidable early disease in adjacent box beam bridges and hollow-core slab bridges. Joint damage will lead to degradation of the transverse load transmission capacity of the bridge, causing beams of the bridge superstr...

Network traffic analysis, and specifically anomaly and attack detection, call for sophisticated tools relying on a large number of features. Mathematical modeling is extremely difficult, given the ample variety of traffic patterns and the subtle and...

The development of process parameters for electron beam powder bed fusion (PBF-EB) is usually made with simple geometries and uniform scan lengths. The transfer to complex parts with various scan lengths can be achieved by adapting beam parameters su...

High-precision laser spot center detection occupies an important position in optical measurement technology. In this paper, we propose a laser spot centering method to improve positioning accuracy. This method is an iterative double-area shrinkage ap...

This paper first studies the generalization ability of the convolutional layer as a feature mapper (CFM) for extracting image features and the classification ability of the multilayer perception (MLP) in a CNN. Then, a novel generalized hybrid probab...

The purpose of this study is to consider propeller geometry and blade rotation in the propeller model in a CFD code. To predict propeller performance, a body force propeller model was developed based on blade element theory and coupled with URANS (un...

Convolution neural networks have received much interest recently in the categorization of hyperspectral images (HSI). Deep learning requires a large number of labeled samples in order to optimize numerous parameters due to the expansion of architectu...

Various machine-learning methods have been applied to anomaly intrusion detection. However, the Intrusion Detection System still faces challenges in improving Detection Rate and reducing False Positive Rate. In this paper, a Class-Level Soft-Voting E...

In order to reduce the large damage caused by train derailment, protective facilities of various shapes and conditions can be installed on railroad tracks. These protective facilities are referred to as derailment containment provisions (DCPs) and th...

The process of eliminating irrelevant, redundant and noisy features while trying to maintain less information loss is known as a feature selection problem. Given the vast amount of the textual data generated and shared on the internet such as news re...

The cervical spine is a common site of injury in the vertebral column, with severe injuries often associated with damage to the spinal cord. Several studies have been performed to better understand the mechanisms of such situations and develop ways t...

Plant powders with antimicrobial properties can be used in food manufacturing and must comply with the demands of consumers regarding microbiological safety, nutritional value, and sensory properties of foods. The present study aimed to assess the mi...

To resolve the issues of the high porous medium flow resistance, low oil production rate, high oil decline rate, and low oil recovery factor for the cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) of horizontal wells in heavy oil reservoirs, the CSS method assisted b...

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) is an emerging material with exciting properties. Many consider it an excellent catalyst, particularly for hydrogen evolution reaction. Currently, it is used on a larger scale as a lubricant. The size of MoS₂ is a crucial...

Collision between a moving ship and a bridge in inner rivers is a frequent occurrence that seriously endanger the safety of the bridge. Existing studies mostly address the action of a ship colliding with a bridge pier that is used as a substitution o...

A low-profile planar millimeter-wave (MMW) folded dipole antenna fed by substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is proposed in this letter. By etching the gaps at the proper position of 1.5λ dipole, an additional resonant mode is generated. Accor...

Lead Rubber Bearings (LRBs) represent one of the most widely employed devices for the seismic protection of structures. However, the effectiveness of the same in the case of curved bridges has not been judged well because of the complexity involved i...

It is difficult to adapt the traditional section margin distribution method to the power system with a high proportion of renewable energy generation (REG). This paper proposes a section margin allocation method of REG clusters considering the random...

The ventilation of the middle-ear (ME) is achieved by the mucosa covering the bony cavities of this segment, which we have previously defined as consisting of two distinct epithelial areas, each representing an independent organ with characteristic f...

Carbon quantum dots (CDs) are a fascinating class of carbon nanomaterials (less than 10 nm in size) with unique optical, electrical, and physicochemical properties. In addition to these properties, CQDs exhibit the desired advantages of aqueous stabi...

In this study, the effect of the hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) number and cloud point (CP) of a secondary-alcohol ethoxylated nonionic surfactant on degreasing efficiency was investigated. A degreasing process was conducted for steel sam...

Robots able to roll and jump are used to solve complex trajectories. These robots have a low level of autonomy, and currently, only teleoperation is available. When researching the literature about these robots, limitations were found, such as a high...

Archeological discoveries have identified China as one of the first countries in the world to use jet. However, many differences are evident between the jet currently found in existing mines and the archaeological discoveries of cultural relics in te...

Collagen is a ubiquitous protein present in the extracellular matrix of all major metazoan animals, with approximately 28 different human collagen types described in the literature, each with unique physicochemical properties. Collagens found broad a...

Fluctuation in Cry1Ac endotoxin levels expressed in transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) can result in a variation in efficacy throughout the growing season. Here, a green tissue-specific strong promoter of the cotton...

In this research, studies were conducted on the possibility of providing thermal compensation of the information display device circuit based on a holographic waveguide when the wavelength of the radiation source ch as a result of changes in ambient...

For low-voltage three-phase systems, the deep fault arc features are difficult to extract, and the phase information has strong timing. This phenomenon leads to the problem of low accuracy of fault phase selection. This paper proposes a three-phase f...

This study illustrates a type of novel device. Integrating fin field-effect transistors (FinFETs) with current silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers provides an excellent platform to fabricate advanced specific devices. An SOI FinFET device consists of t...

With the explosive growth in short texts on the Web and an increasing number of Web corpora consisting of short texts, short texts are playing an important role in various Web applications. Entity linking is a crucial task in knowledge graphs and a k...

Recently, the ‘drive-by’ or vehicle scanning technique has attracted increasing attention over the last decade for the purpose of bridge health monitoring. The feasibility of this technique has been demonstrated by many field tests. In co...

The lack of biochemical stability in drinking water increases the secondary contamination risk in water supply systems and hence represents a sanitary threat to consumers. The work presented here assesses the likelihood of such risk. The assessment i...

The objective of this article was to systematically review the literature to determine how effective tooth whitening procedures are when carried out in tandem with orthodontic clear aligners. This systematic review was conducted according to the Pref...

With the rapid development of the subway rail transit, tunnels are buried at an increasing depth, raising the requirements of bearing capacity and waterproofness for linings. Functionally graded materials are introduced into the design of linings to...

The internal water pressure condition influences the internal force of the circular hydraulic tunnel lining. However, calculating the lining’s internal force of this type of tunnel still lacks practical theory. Based on the modified routine met...

Numerical analysis of geophysical data to uncover Precambrian belts and probably to enclose mineral deposits is becoming once more communal in mining activity. The method is founded on typifying zones branded to comprehend deposits and looking for an...

Monitoring food processing is mandatory for controlling and ensuring product quality. Most of the used techniques are destructive, arduous, and time-consuming. Non-destructive analyses are convenient for rapid and conservative food quality assessment...

The stability of print circuit board (PCB) conformal coating is critical to guarantee the long-term performance of electronic components on PCB boards. Coating exposure to thermal shock or temperature cycles may initiate cracks, a common failure mech...

Fiber laser sources operating in the 2 µm wavelength region have gained extensive attention due to their wide range of applications, including in medicine, remote sensing, spectroscopy, plastic material processing, and mid-infrared generation [...

Organised attacks on a computer system to test existing defences, i.e., penetration testing, have been used extensively to evaluate network security. However, penetration testing is a time-consuming process. Additionally, establishing a strategy that...

The paper presents the results of in situ studies of marine particles of different nature using a submersible digital holographic camera (DHC) during the Arctic expedition. It also describes the features, performance specifications, and possibilities...

A multi-analytical approach is proposed for the detection and quantitative characterization of waxes in wall paintings from the Vesuvian area, in particular in the House of the Skeleton, the House of the Deer and the House of the two Atriums in Hercu...

The excessive application of nitrogen in cucumber cultivation may lead to nitrate accumulation in fruits with potential toxicity to humans. Harvested fruits of agricultural crops should be evaluated for residual nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (N...

We report a fiber-optic 10 GHz frequency transfer technique based on an optical–electronic joint phase compensator. A highly stable frequency signal at 10 GHz was transferred in a 50-km long fiber link by using this technique. Two key parameter...

This paper compares approaches to music key detection based on popular key-profiles with a new key detection method that utilizes the concept of the signature of fifths. The signature of fifths is a geometrical music harmonic-content descriptor. Depe...

With the internet developing rapidly, mobile edge computing (MEC) has been proposed to offer computational capabilities to tackle the high latency caused by innumerable data and applications. Due to limited computing resources, the innovation of comp...

It is fundamental to acquire accurate point cloud information on rock discontinuities efficiently and comprehensively when evaluating the stability of rock masses. Taking a high and steep cliff as an example, we combined 3D laser scanning and UAV pho...

On the basis of a conceptual model for an Excavation based Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS-E), which proposed to extract heat from Hot Dry Rock at depth through dominantly adopting shaft, roadways, and caved rock failure techniques but not depending...

Nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) are derivatives of PAHs and contain one or more nitro functional groups (-NO₂). Some NPAHs are classified as possible or probable human carcinogens and are more mutagenic than PAHs. Although the atmospher...