Metals, Volume 8, Issue 12

One of the main charging materials of the Linz–Donawitz oxygen steelmaking process (LD) is scrap. Scrap acts as a coolant for the exothermic reactions inside the LD vessel and as an iron source in addition to hot metal. The optimization of the...

Existing oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) alloys are, besides Ni-based superalloy single crystals, the most creep-resistant materials. The creep resistance of the ODS alloys may, moreover, be significantly improved thanks to increasing the volume...

A dye-sensitised solar cell (DSSC) counter electrode (CE) plays a vital role in catalysing the conversion of triiodide ( ${\mathrm{I}}_3^{-}$ ) to iodide ions ( ${\mathrm{I}}^{-}$ ), thereby ensuring the completion of the repetitive cycle of electricit...

A deep surface modified TiZr layer was fabricated by high-intensity low-energy titanium ion implantation into zirconium alloy Zr-1Nb. Gas-phase hydrogenation was performed to evaluate protective properties of the modified layer against hydrogen perme...

Numerous tests are used worldwide to investigate the advanced high temperature reduction, softening, and melting (S&M) of blast furnace ferrous burden material. Commonly, the curve of pressure drop (dP) against temperature, measured over the expe...

The coupling relationships between dephosphorization and desulfurization abilities or potentials for CaO–FeO–Fe₂O₃–Al₂O₃–P₂O₅ slags over a large variation range of slag oxidization ability during the secondary refining process...

Iron sulfate, in particular FeSO₄·7H₂O, is derived from titanium dioxide production and the steel pickling process. Regarding TiO₂ manufacturing, the amount of the resultant FeSO₄·7H₂O can be as high as 6 tons per ton of produced TiO₂,...

Local heterogeneities in the structure and properties of metallic glasses have recently been predicted by computer simulations and also observed in experiments. These heterogeneities are important in understanding the stability and performance of met...

Pressureless sintering is a powder metallurgical process wherein the powder particles are sintered without the aid of any compressive force. Though this additive manufacturing process is economical, the strength of the component is undermined due to...

The extrusion process with a large extrusion ratio (36:1) has a great effect on microstructure refinement and strength improvement of the Mg-10Gd-2Y-0.5Zn-0.3Zr alloy. The tensile yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation of the extru...

The main goal of this work was to study the effect of plastic deformation on weldability of duplex stainless steel (DSS). It is well known that plastic deformation prior to thermal cycles can enhance secondary phase precipitation in DSS which can lea...

In this study, the mechanism of {332}<113> twinning formation in cold-rolled Ti-35Nb-2Ta-3Zr-O (wt %) alloy was investigated based on the Taylor-Bishop-Hill theory. The experimental data of crystal orientation in the rolling bite zone was obtai...

In this work, layers of a sol-gel hybrid matrix doped with metal oxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) have been deposited on flat samples of AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy using the dip-coating technique, with the aim of obtaining coatings with better anti-corro...

In this study, lap joint experiments were conducted using galvanized high-strength steel, SGAFH 590 FB 2.3 mmt, which was applied to automotive chassis components in the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process. Zinc residues were confirmed using a semi-...

The formability and failure behavior of transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steel blanks were investigated through various stress states. The forming limit diagram (FLD) at fracture was constructed both experimentally and numerically. Numerical...

Nowadays, mining effluents have several contaminants that produce great damage to the environment, cyanide chief among them. Ferrites synthesized from transition metals have oxidative properties that can be used for cyanide oxidation due to their low...

Wear mitigation in a sliding couple is challenging if wear has to be minimized on both surfaces. In this paper, ball-on-disk testing is performed on sliding couples where both surfaces (ball and disk) are treated for wear resistance. Studied material...

As-received Gr.91 steel tube was normalized at either 940 or 1060 °C for 1 h, followed by Ar-assisted cooling to room temperature, then tempered at 760 °C for 2 h. Those samples were designated as 940NT or 1060NT samples. An infrared heating...

To explore the feasibility of hot metal desulfurization using red mud, the sulfur distribution ratio (L_S) between CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-Na₂O-TiO₂ slag and carbon-saturated iron is evaluated in this paper. First, the theoretical liquid areas of the CaO-SiO₂-...

The constituents, distribution, and characteristics of the phases formed on the coating layer of boron steel hot-dipped in Al-7wt%Ni-6wt%Si were evaluated in detail. In particular, the microstructure and phase constitution of the reaction layer were...

In this study, reliable Ti₂AlNb/high-Nb-containing TiAl alloy (TAN) joints were achieved by diffusion bonding. The effects of bonding temperature and holding time on the interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties were fully investigated. Th...

In the present study, the recovery of valuable metals from a Panasonic Prismatic Module 6.5 Ah NiMH 7.2 V plastic casing hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) battery has been investigated, processing the anode and cathode electrodes separately. The study fo...

A solution-hardening of AISI 316L stainless-steel powder was conducted. The expansion of the crystal lattice and a strong increase in the nanoindentation hardness confirm the successful diffusion of carbon and nitrogen in the interstices. A multiphas...

To reveal the effect of adding order of magnesium and sulfur on the evolution of inclusions in Al-killed free-cutting steel, both deoxidized experiments and thermodynamic calculations were carried out in this paper. The samples, which were extracted...

The study of the exact physical mechanism of cavity nucleation and growth is significant in terms of predicting the extent of internal damage following superplastic deformation. The 5A70 alloy was processed by cold rolling for 14 passes with a total...

Fatigue failure evolution is a process of damage accumulation under continued stresses and forces. The mechanical component is always subjected to various loadings and the lifespan is mainly governed by fatigue. The low cycle fatigue (LCF) is a key f...

The aim of this work is to investigate the β-Ti-phase-stabilizing effect of vanadium and iron added to Ti-6Al-4V powder by means of heterogeneous powder mixtures and in situ alloy-formation during laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF). The resulting m...

The paper presents the results of research on the production by means of arc spraying of composite coatings from the Fe-Al system with participation of in-situ intermetallic phases. The arc spraying process was carried out by simultaneously melting t...

This work analyses the prediction capabilities of a recently developed critical plane model, called the SKS method. The study uses multiaxial fatigue data for S355-J2G3 steel, with in-phase and 90° out-of-phase sinusoidal axial-torsional strainin...

Nickel- and Cobalt-based superalloys are state-of-the art materials for the manufacturing of components in the hottest sections of aero-engines and land-based power generation gas turbines. [...]

51CrV4 steel is extensively used in large-size damping springs for trains and vehicles. Quenching conditions play an important role in performance enhancement. The present work investigated the effects of various oil-bath temperatures and out-of-oil...

In ore-based steelmaking, blast furnace (BF) dust is generally recycled to the BF via the sinter or cold-bonded briquettes and injection. In order to recycle the BF sludge to the BF, the sludge has to be upgraded, removing zinc. The literature report...

Porous oxide layers formed on metals and alloys via Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) have been developed and used for decades in medicine and for technical purposes. [...]

Any improvement on the service life of tools reduces the tooling costs, and assists to increase labor productivity by decreasing the needs for either the tools’ re-grinding or their replacement. This requires, among others, an enhancement of th...

In the present work, the influence of Cu content on microstructure, mechanical properties and exfoliation corrosion behaviors of Al-Zn-Mg-xCu alloy extrusions has been investigated in longitudinal-transverse (L-T) and short-longitudinal (S-L) directi...

Despite increasing need for friction stir spot welding (FSSW) for high-temperature softening materials, system deflection due to relatively high plunging force remains an obstacle. System deflection results in the vertical position error of a welding...

The volume shrinkage evolution of a magnetite iron ore/carbon composite pellet during solid-state isothermal reduction was investigated. For the shrinkage, the apparent activation energy and mechanism were obtained based on the experimental results....

The production of iron using hydrogen as a reducing agent is an alternative to conventional iron- and steel-making processes, with an associated decrease in CO₂ emissions. Hydrogen plasma smelting reduction (HPSR) of iron ore is the process of using...

Ferritic oxide dispersion-strengthened alloys (ODS) are manufactured using a mechanical alloying process. The development of a coarse-grained microstructure during recrystallization has been detected and discussed by several authors, but the mechanis...

Metal machining involves severe loading in the cutting zone. [...]

Titanium alloy possesses high strength, good corrosion resistance, and high heat resistance; thus, it is widely used in the aerospace and other fields. Blades of titanium alloy are important components of aero-engines and are essential to the engines...

The identification of the post-necking strain hardening behavior of metal sheet is important for finite element analysis procedures of sheet metal forming process. The inverse modeling method is a practical way to determine the hardening curve to lar...

The effects of initial lamellar thickness on microstructural evolution and deformation behaviors of a near-α Ti-5.4Al-3.7Sn-3.3Zr-0.5Mo-0.4Si alloy were investigated during isothermal compression in α + β phase field. Special attenti...

Two types of nanoclusters, Cluster (1) and Cluster (2), formed at around room temperature and 100 °C, respectively, affect the age-hardening behavior in Al-Mg-Si alloys. Formation of Cluster (1) during natural aging (NA) is more accelerated in th...

The present study focuses on the pyrolysis of discarded smartphone displays in order to investigate if a halogenation and volatilization of indium is possible without a supplementary halogenation agent. After the conduction of several pyrolysis exper...

The condition of working surfaces of ploughshares used in two soils with different granulometric condition (one containing large portion of coarse fractions and one containing increased portion of fine fractions) was evaluated. The soil cultivated fo...

A numerical method for the precise calculation of temperature, velocity and pressure profiles of the α-β brass indirect hot extrusion process is presented. The method solves the Navier–Stokes equations for non-Newtonian liquids with...

Leaching of the dross containing 28.7% Sn, 18.0 Pb, 10.6% Cu, 8.9% Ge, 8.1% Zn, and 2.7% In in sulphuric and oxalic acid solution was investigated. The dross was obtained from thermal oxidation of by-product alloy generated during a New Jersey (NJ) z...

The effects of the addition of 0.29 wt % Ce on the recrystallization behavior of an Al–Cu–Li–0.13Zr (wt %) alloy during isothermal annealing were investigated. Ce addition greatly improved inhibition of recrystallization in this all...

Although a cobalt–chromium (Co–Cr) blank in a pre-sintered state has been developed, there are few data on the optimal temperature for the alloy in terms of the desired mechanical properties. A metal block (Soft Metal, LHK, Chilgok, Korea...