- Article
Dissolution of Scrap in Hot Metal under Linz–Donawitz (LD) Steelmaking Conditions
- Florian Markus Penz,
- Johannes Schenk,
- Rainer Ammer,
- Gerald Klösch and
- Krzysztof Pastucha
One of the main charging materials of the Linz–Donawitz oxygen steelmaking process (LD) is scrap. Scrap acts as a coolant for the exothermic reactions inside the LD vessel and as an iron source in addition to hot metal. The optimization of the...

