A Further Evaluation of the Coupling Relationship between Dephosphorization and Desulfurization Abilities or Potentials for CaO-based Slags: Influence of Slag Chemical Composition
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Influence of Slag Chemical Composition on Proposed Coupling Relationships between Dephosphorization and Desulfurization Abilities and Potentials for CaO–based Slags
2.1. Influence of Reaction Abilities of Components on Coupling Relationships between Dephosphorization and Desulfurization Abilities or Potentials for CaO-based Slags
2.1.1. Influences of Reaction Abilities of Components on Coupling Relationships between Dephosphorization and Desulfurization Abilities for CaO-based Slags
2.1.2. Influences of Reaction Abilities of Components on Coupling Relationships between Dephosphorization and Desulfurization Potentials for CaO–based Slags
2.2. Influence of Slag Basicity on Coupling Relationships between Dephosphorization and Desulfurization Abilities or Potentials for CaO-based Slags
2.2.1. Influence of Slag Basicity on Coupling Relationships between Dephosphorization and Desulfurization Abilities for CaO-based Slags
2.2.2. Influence of Slag Basicity on Coupling Relationship between Dephosphorization and Desulfurization Potentials for CaO-based Slags
2.3. Comprehensive Effect of FetO and CaO on Coupling Relationships between Dephosphorization and Desulfurization Abilities or Potentials for CaO-based Slags
2.3.1. Comprehensive Effect of FetO and CaO on Coupling Relationships between Dephosphorization and Desulfurization Abilities for CaO-based Slags
2.3.2. Comprehensive Effect of FetO and CaO on Coupling Relationships between Dephosphorization and Desulfurization Potentials for CaO-based Slags
3. Discussion on Proposed Coupling Relationships between Dephosphorization and Desulfurization Abilities or Potentials for CaO-based Slags
3.1. Magnitude of Proposed Coupling Relationships between Dephosphorization and Desulfurization Abilities for CaO-based Slags
3.2. Magnitude of Proposed Coupling Relationships between Dephosphorization and Desulfurization Potentials for CaO-based Slags
3.3. Prospect and application for Proposed Coupling Relationship between Dephosphorization and Desulfurization Abilities or Potentials for CaO–based Slags
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The proposed coupling relationships for the CaO-based slags in both the reducing and oxidizing zones are not only independent of slag oxidization ability described by the comprehensive mass action concentration of iron oxides but are also irrelevant to the reaction abilities of components expressed by the mass action concentrations over a narrow temperature range in comparison with significant influences of slag oxidization ability as well as reaction abilities of components on dephosphorization and desulfurization abilities or potentials.
- (2)
- The proposed coupling relationships for the CaO-based slags in both the reducing and oxidizing zones keep almost constant with the variation of two kinds of slag basicity as the simplified complex basicity and optical basicity over a narrow temperature range compared with the strong effects of two kinds of slags basicity on dephosphorization and desulfurization abilities or potentials.
- (3)
- The proposed coupling relationships for the CaO-based slags in both reducing and oxidizing zones are independent of the comprehensive effect of iron oxides FetO and basic oxide CaO described by the mass action concentration ratio or or or , or the mass percentage ratio (% FeO)/(% CaO) or (% Fe2O3)/(% CaO) or (% FetO)/(% CaO) in comparison with the large influences of the aforementioned comprehensive effect of iron oxides FetO and basic oxide CaO on dephosphorization and desulfurization abilities or potentials.
- (4)
- Increasing the temperature from 1811 to 1927 K (1538 to 1654 °C) can result in a slightly decreasing tendency of the proposed coupling relationships for the CaO-based slags in reducing and oxidizing zones.
- (5)
- Chemical composition of slags or fluxes with the assigned dephosphorization ability or potential can be theoretically designed or optimized by its desulfurization ability or potential, and vice versa, in terms of the obtained maximum values of dephosphorization and desulfurization abilities or potentials for the CaO-based slags in both reducing and oxidizing zones.
- (6)
- The proposed coupling relationships between and for the CaO-based slags as and in reducing and oxidizing zones are recommended to design or optimize the chemical composition of slags or fluxes due to a large difference of magnitude between phosphate capacity and sulfide capacity .
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclatures
Activity of components i in slags or element i in liquid iron relative to pure solid or liquid component i or element i as standard state with mole fraction as concentration unit and following Raoult’s law under the condition of taking ideal solution as reference state, i.e., , (–); | |
Phosphate capacity of slags based on gas–slag equilibrium, (–); | |
Sulfide capacity of slags based on gas–slag equilibrium, (–); | |
Activity coefficient of element i in liquid iron related with activity , (–); | |
Standard equilibrium constant of chemical reaction for forming component i or structural unit i, (–); | |
Phosphorus distribution ratio between slags and liquid iron, defined as , (–); | |
Sulphur distribution ratio between slags and liquid iron, defined as , (–); | |
Mi | Relative atomic mass of element i or relative molecular mass of component i, (–); |
Total mole number of all components in 100 g slags, (mol). | |
Greek symbols | |
Activity coefficient of component i in slags related with activity , (–); | |
Optical basicity of slags, (–). |
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New Test No. [2] | Old Test No. [1] | Chemical Composition of Slags [1] (mass %) | Chemical Composition of Liquid Iron [1] (mass %) | T [K (°C)] | Slag Oxidization Ability | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(CaO) | (FeO) | (Fe2O3) | (Al2O3) | (P2O5) | (S) | [P] | [S] | [O] | (FetO) (mass %) | (–) | (Pa) | |||
1 | 18 | 55.19 | 1.61 | 0.23 | 39.65 | 2.5048 | 1.079 | 1.8766 | 0.04 | 0.0039 | 1822 (1549) | 1.88 | 0.019 | 8.18 × 10−8 |
2 | 19 | 56.69 | 2.36 | 0.39 | 40.34 | 0.5629 | 0.862 | 0.1973 | 0.072 | 0.0051 | 1818 (1545) | 2.72 | 0.026 | 1.54 × 10–7 |
3 | 17 | 56.14 | 2.67 | 0.76 | 37.35 | 2.1138 | 1.364 | 0.5017 | 0.079 | 0.0077 | 1821 (1548) | 3.46 | 0.031 | 2.18 × 10–7 |
4 | 20 | 55.64 | 3.74 | 0.16 | 38.25 | 1.348 | 0.944 | 0.1296 | 0.107 | 0.0069 | 1820 (1547) | 3.97 | 0.042 | 4.02 × 10–7 |
5 | 10 | 53.69 | 2.63 | 0.19 | 39.89 | 0.2418 | 0.181 | 0.0580 | 0.017 | 0.0087 | 1876 (1603) | 2.91 | 0.031 | 5.38 × 10–7 |
6 | 27 | 58.31 | 2.78 | 0.00 | 36.81 | 0.5744 | 0.802 | 0.2766 | 0.075 | 0.0127 | 1918 (1645) | 2.84 | 0.030 | 1.03 × 10–6 |
7 | 11 | 53.58 | 4.79 | 1.01 | 35.63 | 0.4165 | 0.216 | 0.0275 | 0.029 | 0.0165 | 1873 (1600) | 6.00 | 0.056 | 1.72 × 10–6 |
8 | 14 | 56.84 | 3.71 | 0.42 | 35.71 | 2.3081 | 0.920 | 0.4648 | 0.083 | 0.0150 | 1927 (1654) | 4.23 | 0.042 | 2.20 × 10–6 |
9 * | 1 | 52.67 | 5.47 | 1.24 | 38.13 | 0.3284 | 0.154 | 0.0120 | 0.026 | 0.0179 | 1874 (1601) | 6.75* | 0.064* | 2.27 × 10–6* |
10 | 21 | 54.47 | 12.01 | 3.25 | 30.36 | 1.5259 | 0.986 | 0.0093 | 0.158 | 0.0242 | 1822 (1549) | 14.92 | 0.133 | 4.18 × 10–6 |
11 | 2 | 53.13 | 9.28 | 2.83 | 32.44 | 0.5394 | 0.214 | 0.0060 | 0.035 | 0.0275 | 1874 (1601) | 12.11 | 0.107 | 6.38 × 10–6 |
12 | 22 | 51.69 | 18.59 | 3.92 | 23.61 | 1.4744 | 0.899 | 0.0047 | 0.145 | 0.0315 | 1811 (1538) | 22.61 | 0.205 | 8.27 × 10–6 |
13 | 3 | 51.28 | 11.09 | 5.26 | 29.78 | 0.3168 | 0.134 | 0.0016 | 0.037 | 0.0356 | 1874 (1601) | 16.24 | 0.133 | 9.93 × 10–6 |
14 | 28 | 53.35 | 10.19 | 0.93 | 30.35 | 1.7682 | 1.010 | 0.0283 | 0.168 | 0.0267 | 1922 (1649) | 11.63 | 0.114 | 1.54 × 10–5 |
15 | 4 | 50.58 | 15.86 | 6.58 | 25.05 | 0.3575 | 0.167 | 0.0017 | 0.028 | 0.0448 | 1876 (1603) | 22.21 | 0.187 | 2.03 × 10–5 |
16 | 23 | 49.27 | 25.15 | 7.22 | 17.78 | 1.3705 | 0.952 | 0.0026 | 0.125 | 0.0448 | 1828 (1555) | 31.83 | 0.281 | 2.08 × 10–5 |
17 | 29 | 55.46 | 15.10 | 3.60 | 24.06 | 1.472 | 0.983 | 0.0085 | 0.154 | 0.0407 | 1924 (1651) | 18.67 | 0.164 | 3.27 × 10–5 |
18 | 24 | 45.27 | 35.25 | 7.72 | 10.96 | 1.6423 | 0.958 | 0.0022 | 0.096 | 0.0530 | 1824 (1551) | 42.54 | 0.387 | 3.68 × 10–5 |
19 | 5 | 47.42 | 20.83 | 10.83 | 18.09 | 0.3611 | 0.181 | 0.0004 | 0.024 | 0.0521 | 1874 (1601) | 31.47 | 0.261 | 3.82 × 10–5 |
20 | 9 | 45.40 | 21.92 | 16.63 | 16.48 | 0.4327 | 0.211 | 0.0006 | 0.029 | 0.0541 | 1875 (1602) | 36.73 | 0.301 | 5.15 × 10–5 |
21 | 6 | 46.35 | 27.70 | 11.89 | 11.59 | 0.352 | 0.175 | 0.0006 | 0.021 | 0.0584 | 1873 (1600) | 39.37 | 0.338 | 6.29 × 10–5 |
22 | 15 | 51.99 | 20.69 | 3.17 | 17.92 | 2.9425 | 0.896 | 0.0126 | 0.129 | 0.0555 | 1927 (1654) | 25.11 | 0.226 | 6.51 × 10–5 |
23 | 25 | 37.11 | 40.14 | 11.61 | 5.10 | 1.5949 | 1.027 | 0.0011 | 0.084 | 0.0612 | 1827 (1554) | 53.84 | 0.506 | 6.64 × 10–5 |
24 | 26 | 38.61 | 47.49 | 13.02 | 0.00 | 1.5678 | 1.029 | 0.0021 | 0.083 | 0.0624 | 1821 (1548) | 59.73 | 0.558 | 7.28 × 10–5 |
25 | 7 | 42.12 | 33.57 | 13.99 | 8.40 | 0.3142 | 0.172 | 0.0002 | 0.018 | 0.0666 | 1870 (1597) | 47.06 | 0.425 | 9.49 × 10–5 |
26 | 8 | 43.63 | 33.64 | 15.20 | 5.25 | 0.3065 | 0.168 | 0.0002 | 0.017 | 0.0694 | 1873 (1600) | 48.42 | 0.426 | 9.97 × 10–5 |
27 | 16 | 49.13 | 26.21 | 8.98 | 11.50 | 2.9552 | 1.067 | 0.0062 | 0.111 | 0.0690 | 1925 (1652) | 35.79 | 0.304 | 1.14 × 10–4 |
28 | 12 | 43.52 | 38.77 | 13.86 | 2.30 | 0.4959 | 0.237 | 0.0008 | 0.021 | 0.0713 | 1873 (1600) | 52.05 | 0.463 | 1.18 × 10–4 |
29 | 13 | 39.23 | 40.00 | 12.78 | 2.67 | 0.5014 | 0.241 | 0.0007 | 0.020 | 0.0768 | 1874 (1601) | 54.40 | 0.500 | 1.40 × 10–4 |
30 | 30 | 45.80 | 37.65 | 10.16 | 5.34 | 1.5302 | 1.083 | 0.0025 | 0.108 | n/a† | 1927 (1654) | 47.29 | 0.420 | 2.25 × 10–4 |
31 | 31 | 42.61 | 45.79 | 9.49 | 0.00 | 1.5405 | 1.139 | 0.0021 | 0.092 | n/a† | 1927 (1654) | 55.50 | 0.503 | 3.23 × 10–4 |
New Test No. [2] | Old Test No. [1] | De-P and De-S Abilities (–) | De-P and De-S Potentials (–) | Coupling Relationship Term between De-P and De-S Abilities (–) | Coupling Relationship Term between De-P and De-S Potentials (–) | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Meas.† [1] | Cal.† [3] | Meas.† [1] | Cal.† [4] | Detd.† [3] | Cal.† [3] | Detd.† [5] | Cal.† [5] | Detd.† [2] | Cal.† [2] | Detd.† [2] | Cal.† [2] | Detd.† [2] | Cal.† [2] | Detd.† [2] | Cal.† [2] | ||
1 | 18 | –0.148 | 1.294 | 1.431 | 1.880 | 18.921 | 20.912 | –2.258 | –2.028 | 7.007 | 10.696 | – | – | 16.663 | 18.884 | – | – |
2 | 19 | 1.160 | 1.848 | 1.078 | 1.218 | 19.398 | 20.258 | –2.127 | –2.057 | 6.551 | 7.936 | – | – | 17.271 | 18.201 | – | – |
3 | 17 | 0.924 | 2.133 | 1.237 | 1.231 | 19.030 | 20.734 | –1.859 | –2.063 | 7.110 | 8.286 | – | – | 17.172 | 18.671 | – | – |
4 | 20 | 1.904 | 2.772 | 0.946 | 0.983 | 19.647 | 20.479 | –2.118 | –2.067 | 6.632 | 7.688 | – | – | 17.528 | 18.412 | – | – |
5 | 10 | 1.857 | 1.344 | 1.027 | 1.109 | 18.597 | 18.408 | –1.927 | –1.975 | 6.993 | 6.886 | – | – | 16.671 | 16.433 | – | – |
6 | 27 | 0.876 | 0.885 | 1.029 | 1.209 | 17.580 | 18.164 | –1.826 | –1.877 | 6.021 | 6.928 | – | – | 15.753 | 16.287 | – | – |
7 | 11 | 2.741 | 2.649 | 0.872 | 0.822 | 18.497 | 18.765 | –1.799 | –1.993 | 7.101 | 6.758 | – | – | 16.698 | 16.772 | – | – |
8 | 14 | 1.029 | 1.454 | 1.045 | 1.121 | 17.680 | 18.514 | –1.783 | –1.871 | 6.252 | 7.058 | – | – | 15.896 | 16.643 | – | – |
9* | 1 | 3.358 | 2.874 | 0.773 | 0.741 | 18.662 | 18.479 | –1.860 | –2.012 | 7.221 | 6.577 | – | – | 16.802 | 16.467 | – | – |
10 | 21 | 4.247 | 5.068 | 0.795 | 0.849 | 19.521 | 20.362 | –1.707 | –1.660 | – | – | 9.442 | 10.317 | – | – | 18.692 | 19.579 |
11 | 2 | 4.176 | 3.960 | 0.786 | 0.764 | 18.721 | 18.702 | –1.661 | –1.763 | – | – | 9.831 | 9.593 | – | – | 18.031 | 17.911 |
12 | 22 | 4.824 | 6.079 | 0.792 | 0.898 | 19.594 | 20.734 | –1.591 | –1.440 | – | – | 9.075 | 10.435 | – | – | 18.692 | 19.983 |
13 | 3 | 5.093 | 4.389 | 0.559 | 0.716 | 18.788 | 18.316 | –1.778 | –1.713 | – | – | 10.050 | 9.503 | – | – | 17.886 | 17.478 |
14 | 28 | 3.344 | 3.553 | 0.779 | 0.932 | 18.323 | 18.379 | –1.713 | –-1.498 | – | – | 8.837 | 9.199 | – | – | 17.553 | 17.823 |
15 | 4 | 5.092 | 5.051 | 0.776 | 0.762 | 18.551 | 18.611 | –1.463 | –1.516 | – | – | 9.528 | 9.473 | – | – | 17.816 | 17.821 |
16 | 23 | 5.307 | 6.438 | 0.882 | 0.882 | 19.315 | 20.288 | –1.354 | –1.291 | – | – | 8.967 | 10.098 | – | – | 18.512 | 19.548 |
17 | 29 | 4.309 | 4.273 | 0.805 | 0.882 | 18.301 | 18.163 | –1.501 | –1.383 | – | – | 9.054 | 9.096 | – | – | 17.585 | 17.565 |
18 | 24 | 5.531 | 7.041 | 0.999 | 0.941 | 19.304 | 20.518 | –1.161 | –1.100 | – | – | 8.620 | 10.072 | – | – | 18.556 | 19.830 |
19 | 5 | 6.354 | 5.698 | 0.877 | 0.808 | 19.035 | 18.289 | –1.295 | –1.328 | – | – | 10.184 | 9.460 | – | – | 18.323 | 17.543 |
20 | 9 | 6.080 | 5.892 | 0.862 | 0.797 | 18.892 | 18.494 | –1.296 | –1.277 | – | – | 9.616 | 9.363 | – | – | 18.118 | 17.739 |
21 | 6 | 5.990 | 6.197 | 0.921 | 0.876 | 18.732 | 18.695 | –1.203 | –1.151 | – | – | 9.309 | 9.470 | – | – | 18.000 | 18.015 |
22 | 15 | 4.268 | 4.882 | 0.842 | 0.898 | 18.070 | 18.560 | –1.332 | –1.225 | – | – | 8.350 | 9.021 | – | – | 17.384 | 17.981 |
23 | 25 | 6.120 | 7.378 | 1.087 | 0.955 | 19.414 | 20.225 | –1.011 | –0.964 | – | – | 8.737 | 9.862 | – | – | 18.699 | 19.556 |
24 | 26 | 5.551 | 7.618 | 1.093 | 0.986 | 19.147 | 20.711 | –0.995 | –0.901 | – | – | 7.966 | 9.927 | – | – | 18.405 | 20.063 |
25 | 7 | 6.895 | 6.587 | 0.980 | 0.889 | 19.039 | 18.390 | –1.087 | –1.042 | – | – | 9.788 | 9.388 | – | – | 18.323 | 17.719 |
26 | 8 | 6.884 | 6.584 | 0.995 | 0.878 | 18.964 | 18.353 | –1.056 | –1.048 | – | – | 9.792 | 9.376 | – | – | 18.279 | 17.676 |
27 | 16 | 4.886 | 5.429 | 0.983 | 0.883 | 18.156 | 18.496 | –1.095 | –1.113 | – | – | 8.486 | 8.929 | – | – | 17.579 | 17.899 |
28 | 12 | 5.889 | 6.735 | 1.053 | 0.926 | 18.544 | 19.014 | –0.987 | –0.964 | – | – | 8.666 | 9.385 | – | – | 17.891 | 18.385 |
29 | 13 | 6.010 | 6.809 | 1.081 | 0.924 | 18.521 | 18.935 | –0.928 | –0.931 | – | – | 8.650 | 9.292 | – | – | 17.894 | 18.305 |
30 | 30 | 5.389 | 5.914 | 1.001 | 0.980 | 17.697 | 18.221 | –0.851 | –0.872 | – | – | 8.310 | 8.814 | – | – | 17.222 | 17.726 |
31 | 31 | 5.543 | 6.180 | 1.093 | 1.051 | 17.572 | 18.208 | –0.685 | –0.726 | – | – | 8.181 | 8.776 | – | – | 17.189 | 17.784 |
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Yang, X.-m.; Li, J.-y.; Zhang, M.; Yan, F.-j.; Duan, D.-p.; Zhang, J. A Further Evaluation of the Coupling Relationship between Dephosphorization and Desulfurization Abilities or Potentials for CaO-based Slags: Influence of Slag Chemical Composition. Metals 2018, 8, 1083. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8121083
Yang X-m, Li J-y, Zhang M, Yan F-j, Duan D-p, Zhang J. A Further Evaluation of the Coupling Relationship between Dephosphorization and Desulfurization Abilities or Potentials for CaO-based Slags: Influence of Slag Chemical Composition. Metals. 2018; 8(12):1083. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8121083
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Xue-min, Jin-yan Li, Meng Zhang, Fang-jia Yan, Dong-ping Duan, and Jian Zhang. 2018. "A Further Evaluation of the Coupling Relationship between Dephosphorization and Desulfurization Abilities or Potentials for CaO-based Slags: Influence of Slag Chemical Composition" Metals 8, no. 12: 1083. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8121083