Diagnostics, Volume 13, Issue 3

In patients with thyroid nodules, if the cervical lymph nodes gradually enlarge, a histological confirmation is required to rule out malignancy. Here is a case of benign intranodal thyroid tissue with cystic changes resembling lymph node metastasis o...

In recent years, segmentation details and computing efficiency have become more important in medical image segmentation for clinical applications. In deep learning, UNet based on a convolutional neural network is one of the most commonly used models....

This study uses machine learning to perform the hearing test (audiometry) processes autonomously with EEG signals. Sounds with different amplitudes and wavelengths given to the person tested in standard hearing tests are assigned randomly with the in...

The virus responsible for COVID-19 is mutating day by day with more infectious characteristics. With the limited healthcare resources and overburdened medical practitioners, it is almost impossible to contain this virus. The automatic identification...

This paper discusses the promising areas of research into machine learning applications for the prevention and correction of neurodegenerative and depressive disorders. These two groups of disorders are among the leading causes of decline in the qual...

Hyperammonemia can lead to encephalopathy and may be accompanied by a diagnostic dilemma. Imaging as well as biochemical analyses are the cornerstone for identifying possible underlying causes such as severe liver disease or urea cycle defect. We rep...

Background—There are conflicting data in the international literature on the risks of abnormal fetal growth in fetuses presenting an isolated single umbilical artery (SUA), and the pathophysiology of this complication is poorly understood. Obje...

Background: Necrotizing external otitis (NEO) is a severe infectious disease in the external acoustic meatus (EAM) and mastoid that may extend to the cranial base. Due to the lack of a gold standard examination technique, the diagnosis is often diffi...

Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) is one of the neoplasms with the best prognosis in children, adolescents and young adults, but sufferers are burdened by the possibility of developing adverse effects such as Bone Ischemic Lesions (BILs) which are lesion...

The enzymatic activity of APOBEC3B (A3B) has been implicated as a prime source of mutagenesis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The expression of Protein Kinase C α (PKCα) and Nuclear Factor-κΒ p65 (NF-κ&B...

The World Health Organization estimates that there were around 10 million deaths due to cancer in 2020, and lung cancer was the most common type of cancer, with over 2.2 million new cases and 1.8 million deaths. While there have been advances in the...

The diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can sometimes be challenging. By corroborating clinical, imaging and histological data, the two main entities of IBD, ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease (CD), can be differentiated in most c...

Background: Recently, several studies introduced the potential use of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting radiopharmaceuticals in radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer (TC...

Several scintigraphic techniques have been supplemented or replaced by PET/CT methods because of their superior sensitivity, high resolution, and absolute activity quantification capability. The purpose of this project was the development of a PET tr...

Esophageal stroke, also known as acute esophageal necrosis or Gurvits syndrome, is an entity that has gained more and more recognition in the last two decades. It is also named “black esophagus” because of striking black discoloration of...

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is a systemic condition characterized by new bone formation and enthesopathies of the axial and peripheral skeleton. The pathogenesis of DISH is not well understood, and it is currently considered a non...

Automatic brain tumor detection in MR Images is one of the basic applications of machine vision in medical image processing, which, despite much research, still needs further development. Using multiple machine learning techniques as an ensemble syst...

Objective: Absence of homozygosity (AOH) is a genetic characteristic known to cause human diseases mainly through autosomal recessive or imprinting mechanisms. The importance and necessity of accurate AOH detection has become more clinically signific...

Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there have been multiple peaks of the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus virus 2) infection, mainly due to the emergence of new variants, each with a new...

Objectives: In this prospective study, SARS-CoV−2 spike protein specific total immunoglobulin (Ig) levels were analyzed before and after BNT162 b2 mRNA booster vaccination in individuals previously administered with two doses of BBIBP-CorV vacc...

COVID-19 is a severe respiratory contagious disease that has now spread all over the world. COVID-19 has terribly impacted public health, daily lives and the global economy. Although some developed countries have advanced well in detecting and bearin...

Purpose: Manual interpretation of chest radiographs is a challenging task and is prone to errors. An automated system capable of categorizing chest radiographs based on the pathologies identified could aid in the timely and efficient diagnosis of che...

Background: The usage of whole-slide images has recently been gaining a foothold in medical education, training, and diagnosis. Objectives: The first objective of the current study was to compare academic performance on virtual microscopy (VM) and li...

A Nasal Provocation Test allows the differentiation of allergic and non-allergic rhinitis, but it is difficult and expensive. Therefore, nasal cytology is taking hold as an alternative. We carried out a cross-sectional study, including 29 patients wi...

Subclinical alterations in myocardial structure and function occur early during the natural disease course. In contrast, clinically overt signs and symptoms occur during late phases, being associated with worse outcomes. Identification of such subcli...

Surface electromyography (EMG) allows reliable detection of muscle activity in all nine intrinsic and extrinsic ear muscles during facial muscle movements. The ear muscles are affected by synkinetic EMG activity in patients with postparalytic facial...

Background: To study the additive value of radiomics features to the BCLC staging system in clustering HCC patients. Methods: A total of 266 patients with HCC were included in this retrospective study. All patients had undergone baseline MR imaging,...

Lung cancer presents one of the leading causes of mortalities for people around the world. Lung image analysis and segmentation are one of the primary steps used for early diagnosis of cancer. Handcrafted medical imaging segmentation presents a very...

The prevalence of pancreatic cysts has been rising due to the widespread use of cross-sectional imaging (CT scan and MRI) of the abdomen. While most pancreatic cysts are benign and do not require treatment or surveillance, a significant minority are...

Traumatic aortic regurgitation (AR) is a rare complication of blunt chest trauma. We described the case of a 35-year-old male who presented to our hospital with shortness of breath 7 years after sustaining blunt chest trauma associated with a motorcy...

Every year, cervical cancer is a leading cause of mortality in women all over the world. This cancer can be cured if it is detected early and patients are treated promptly. This study proposes a new strategy for the detection of cervical cancer using...

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association between serum phosphorus level and preoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in geriatric hip fractures. Methods: Older adults with hip fractures were screened between January 2015 and September 2...

Objective: To evaluate the stiffness of the sciatic nerve by shear wave elastography (SWE) and to determine whether SWE can be used to predict diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) in a patient with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Methods: Sixteen patients...

Physiotherapists commonly use mobilizations for treating patients with thoracic spine pain (TSP). There is evidence to suggest that spinal mobilizations can decrease pain. Different doses of mobilization treatment are applied, however there is a pauc...

Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a rare type of mesenchymal tumor. Suspecting LMS before surgery is crucial for proper patient management. Ultrasound is the primary method for assessing myometrial lesions. The overlapping of clinical, laboratory, as well as u...

Urine sedimentation in the bladder can occur in various circumstances and can lead to urinary obstruction/stasis with associated pain. It is usually diagnosed with an ultrasound; however, CT is also used to assess the amount and to further check for...

Background: The present narrative review aims to discuss cognitive–emotional–behavioral symptoms in adults with brain tumors at the time of diagnosis. Methods: The PubMed database was searched considering glioma, pituitary adenoma, and me...

Several studies have demonstrated the difficulties in distinguishing malignant lesions of the breast from benign lesions owing to overlapping morphological features on ultrasound. Consequently, we aimed to develop a nomogram based on shear wave elast...

Placenta percreta occurs in about 5% of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) and causes high maternal and fetal peripartum morbidity/mortality. A 34-year-old multiparous 4G2P (1xcesarean section (CS)) was admitted to hospital at the 34th week of gestation...

The morbidity associated with pancreatectomies limits surgical options for high-risk patients with pancreatic neoplasms that warrant resection. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation (EUS-RFA) offers a minimally invasive and potentially...

In this paper, authors introduce the basic prerequisite for rational, targeted, and above all, child-oriented diagnosis of fractures and dislocations in children and adolescents is in-depth prior knowledge of the special features of trauma in the gro...

Managing patients with neurocritical illness requires monitoring and treating elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), especially in cases in children. In terms of precise and real-time measurements, invasive ICP measurements are presently the gold stan...

Malaria is predominant in many subtropical nations with little health-monitoring infrastructure. To forecast malaria and condense the disease’s impact on the population, time series prediction models are necessary. The conventional technique of...

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been steadily developing in the medical field in the past few years, and AI-based applications have advanced cancer diagnosis. Breast cancer has a massive amount of data in oncology. There has been a high level of res...

Background: Injury to the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis (DTFS) is common in patients with trauma to the ankle, but diagnostic accuracy of conventional X-ray and CT is insufficient. A novel dual energy CT (DECT) post-processing algorithm enables col...

Despite therapeutic advancements, stroke remains a leading cause of death and long-term disability. The quality of current stroke prognostic models varies considerably, whereas prediction models of post-stroke disability and mortality are restricted...

Misdiagnosis of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) can occur when different case definitions are used by clinicians (relative misdiagnosis) or when failing the genuine diagnosis of another disease (misdiagnosis in a strict se...

Background: The aim of the study was to assess the protective effect of applying potassium iodide (KI) over silver diamine fluoride (SDF) on demineralized root dentin in the case of a sustained acidogenic attack. Methods: Forty caries-free third mola...

Background: As surgical techniques progress, laparoscopic herniorrhaphy is now performed more often in premature babies. The aim of this study was to analyze the outcomes of newborns and infants who underwent single-incision laparoscopic herniorrhaph...

Among the barriers to accessing adequate treatment and high-level monitoring for malaria febrile patients is the lack of effective prognostic markers. Neopterin, which is a marker of monocyte/macrophage activation, was found have increased during sev...