World Electric Vehicle Journal, Volume 6, Issue 3

This paper represents a simulation model for a 2D-thermal model applied on a Lithium-ion pouch battery. This model is able to describe the transient response of the thermal distribution accurately. The heat generation parameters used in this model ha...

Charge balancers are needed to equalize the energy stored in battery cells connected in series to increase the usable capacity and lifetime of the entire stack. A multiple-input multiple-output DC/DC converter for battery module balancing, based on f...

This paper provides the latest information and progress overview (for the Fiscal Years 2012–2013) of the hybrid and electric systems (HES) R&D projects funded by the Vehicles Technologies Office (VTO) of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). HES i...

This paper presents the electrical and thermal behaviour of an advanced lithium-ion capacitor (LIC) based rechargeable energy storage systems. In the proposed study, an extended statistical analysis has been performed to evaluate the main electrical...

The incremental cost for increasing the power of Li-ion batteries for plug-in hybrid-electric vehicles (PHEVs) is moderate. Hence, the reduction of fuel consumption by using battery power at high vehicle speeds rather than engine power results in hig...

This paper presents a comparative analysis between a pure battery electric vehicle and a dual-source electric vehicle endowed with a multi-level energy management strategy. The energy management of multi-source electric vehicles is a crucial aspect t...

The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of the current ripple, originating from the dc-dc converter of e.g. a PHEV powertrain, on the ageing of Li-ion batteries. Most research concerning batteries focuses on very low (μHz) to low (Hz) freq...

Within electric and hybrid vehicles, batteries are used to provide/buffer the energy required for driving. However, battery performance varies throughout the temperature range specific to automotive applications, and as such, models that describe thi...

Being able to predict the Li-ion battery degradation is necessary for applications such as electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid ones (HEVs). Most of the time, battery life prediction is based on accelerated cycling datasets obtained under different con...

The degradation mechanisms of lithium iron phosphate battery have been analyzed with 150 day calendar capacity loss tests and 3,000 cycle capacity loss tests to identify the operation method to maximize the battery life for electric vehicles. Both te...

The paper describes the development and realization of standard battery modules 12 V, made by LiFePO₄ cells selected in a previous study by ENEA and the University of Pisa. Module means the group of four cells series connected, the electronic battery...

Since a laptop caught fire in 2006 at the latest, Li-ion cells were considered as more dangerous than other accumulators [1]. Recent incidents, such as the one involving a BYD e6 electric taxi [2] or the Boeing Dreamliner [3], give rise to questions...

Thermal impedance spectroscopy (TIS) is a non-destructive method for characterizing thermal properties of entire battery cells. Heat capacity, thermal conductivity and heat exchange with environment are deter-mined by an evaluation of the heat transf...

The decision to select the most suitable type of energy storage system for an electric vehicle is always difficult, since many conditionings must be taken into account. Sometimes, this study can be made by means of complex mathematical models which r...

As a key issue in EVs (Electric Vehicles) development, Li-ion battery’s thermal safety is focused on in which the thermal abuse model is an important tool. This paper has established a 3-D electro-thermal model taking side reaction into account, in o...

This paper discusses the model simplifing issue in battery thermal simulation. The paper verifies that for the large power battery simplifying the multilayer battery core as a lumped cuboid is reasonable. So when doing simulation, building a multilay...

Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS), which combines the battery and supercapacitor (SC), is a potential solution for the energy system of Electric Vehicles (EV). In this paper, a battery and SC hybrid system for small-scale EV with Energy Management...

Thermal impedance spectroscopy (TIS) is applied for the thermal characterization of a large prismatic battery cell. The method is based on previously published work and is extended to a three dimensional system. By using a discretized three dimension...

One of the most relevant tasks that must be carried out by a Battery Management System (BMS) is the diagnosis of the battery state. An important part of the algorithms used for determining the State of Charge (SOC) or the State of Health (SOH) requir...

High power lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries suitable for Electric Vehicles are tested in this work. An extended cycle-life testing is carried out, consisting in various types of experiments: standard cycling, optimized fast charge with high con...

This paper evaluates the fuel displacement potential of a Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) device in a conventional gasoline vehicle using vehicle simulation and engine in the loop. A TEG device was modelled in Simulink, to exhibit the thermal and elec...

A 70 kVA/L air-cooled full-SiC three-phase inverter unit including power semiconductor modules, power capacitors, bus bars, gate drive circuits, a PWM wave generator and blower fans has been fabricated as a prototype for EV-use. SiC JFETs and SBDs of...

The described design of a permanent magnet synchronous motor for battery electric vehicles is based on a drive cycle. For a given vehicle a set of operating points of the electric machine can be derived from the cycle. The next step in the design of...

The current trend in production EVs/HEVs is to use interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSM) as the means of providing power to the vehicle drive train. The efficiency of these machines can be extremely high (>95%) although this typical...

This paper examines the benefits of a drivetrain that is able to disengage its propulsion motor from the driveline in an electric vehicle. The drivetrain was developed for an ultra-efficient eco vehicle competing in the Shell 2013 Eco Marathon. Vario...

This paper presents a method to define the optimum sensor performance to meet customer requirements on asynchronous motor performance parameters such as efficiency or output torque ripple. The method uses simulation: a speed sensor-bearing simulation...

This paper presents three-different high efficiency and low costs electric machines types for automotive applications. For the PM machines with the single-layer concentrated windings, a novel stator topology with magnetic flux barriers in the stator...

System efficiency together with the reliability are the most critical factors in the design, characterization and operation of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles. This paper summarizes those aspects from the system level down to the component details and s...

A safe Torque Vectoring function is applied to an electric vehicle with a two front motors drivetrain concept. The function has been embedded in a lean and scalable functional architecture adaptable to various drivetrain concepts. The Torque Vectorin...

ArcelorMittal supplies advanced mechanical and magnetic material data for its iCARe^TM line of electrical steels to enable customers to optimise the design of their e-machines . This paper gives an overview of the experimental methodologies to assess...

This paper focuses on simulation of noise radiated by Switched Reluctance Motors for automotive powertrains. Since control for maximum efficiency leads to high torque ripple and noise radiation, optimizing the NVH behaviour is essential. The simulati...

Real time state of charge (SoC) and state of health (SoH) monitoring plays an essential role in electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles and generally in battery powered applications. Between these two state estimations, only the SoC has been stud...

This paper addresses the precocious detection of electric arcs in an electric vehicle battery generated by a connector fault. The detection principle is based on the acoustic emission of the arc. First, the identification of the electric arc acoustic...

An accurate onboard State-of-Charge (SOC) estimation is one of the key functions a Battery Management System (BMS) has to perform in order to provide the optimal performance management of the battery system under control. In this framework, this pape...

Comparably long charging time for battery of electric and hybrid vehicles is one of barriers for massive commercialization of the vehicles. Typical charging methods are by a constant current (CC) with constant voltage (CV), pulsed or tapered current....

As the need for better prediction of battery life parameters in secondary batteries evolves, especially for electric vehicles, many researchers have looked for methods beyond simple battery modeling. One of the promising methods is electrochemical im...

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy or ac impedance methods are popularly used for the diagnosis of electrochemical generators (batteries or fuel cell). It is now possible to acquire and quantitatively interpret the experimental electrical impedan...

Onboard Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) and Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV), the Battery Management System (BMS) is of critical importance to ensure safe and reliable use of the electrical energy stored inside Li-ion batteries until the End-Of-Life (E...