Viruses, Volume 17, Issue 2

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) serve as critical regulators of protein function across biological systems, including during viral infection. For orthoflaviviruses, including human pathogens like dengue, Zika, and West Nile viruses, PTMs on v...

Background: There is scarce information on Varicella–Zoster virus genetic variability in individuals with acute central nervous system infection in Brazil. The objective of this study was the molecular characterization of Varicella–Zoster...

Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) is a significant disease affecting Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) production in Norway but has had limited impact to production in North America. The causative agent of HSMI is piscine orthoreovirus genoty...

The nucleocytoplasmic transport of proteins using XPO1 (exportin 1) plays a vital role in cell proliferation and survival. Many viruses also exploit this pathway to promote infection and replication. Thus, inhibiting the XPO1-mediated nuclear export...

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causative agent of African swine fever (ASF), a severe hemorrhagic disease with a mortality rate reaching 100%. Despite extensive research on ASFV mechanisms, no safe and effective vaccines or antiviral treatme...

Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) infection is the primary viral disease responsible for large-scale mortality in bivalve mollusks worldwide, and effective strategies to control the outbreaks of this disease are still lacking. Berberine (BBR), a plant-d...

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that, since its re-emergence in 2004, has become recognised as a major public health concern throughout many tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Amongst the insights gained fr...

The communities of viruses studied in rabbits and hares (family Leporidae) have largely been those with clinical significance. Consequently, less is known broadly about other leporid viruses. Anelloviruses (family Anelloviridae) are likely commensal...

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a complex immune-mediated disease caused by feline coronavirus (FCoV). Despite advancements in understanding its pathogenesis, challenges persist in elucidating viral factors related to virion composition and re...

Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) have been shown to promote enteric viral infections. This study assessed whether possessing elevated levels of LPS was associated with norovirus infection. Fecal samples from diarrheic norovirus-positive (DNP) (n =...

We previously reported on HIV vaccines that elicited autologous Tier 2 neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) in rabbits. In the current study, we sought to establish a proof of concept that HIV vaccines using identical designs elicit Tier 2 nAbs in arhesus...

Lentiviral vector-transduced T cells were approved by the FDA as gene therapy anti-cancer medications. Little is known about the effects of host genetic variation on the safety and efficacy of the lentiviral vector gene delivery system. To narrow thi...

A novel double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus was isolated and described from strain ZZZ210557 of plant endophyte Allocryptovalsa sichuanensis. The dsRNA virus contains four dsRNA segments, dsRNA1 to dsRNA4, with a size range of 3.8 to 5.1 kbp. Each poss...

Patients with hematological malignancies (HMs) are at higher risk of severe COVID-19 and secondary infections, which further complicate their outcomes. This study evaluated the impact of secondary infections (SIs) on mortality in hospitalized HM pati...

Liver transplant recipients (LTRs) have been considered a population group that is vulnerable to COVID-19 as they are chronically immunosuppressed patients with frequent comorbidities. This study describes the course of the SARS-CoV-2 disease from Fe...

This study assessed the diagnostic performance of influenza-related symptoms and signs and their combinations, as well as differences in patient characteristics based on the type/subtype of influenza, in outpatients at a primary healthcare surveillan...

Carica papaya, a tropical fruit-bearing plant, has attracted significant attention for its diverse phytomedical properties and its ability to regulate both innate and adaptive immunity, making it a promising natural therapeutic agent. C. papaya is ri...

Influenza poses a serious threat to both individual and public health. This study aimed to investigate the virological and epidemiological characteristics of influenza infections and to explore the genetic diversity of the circulating influenza virus...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a global public health problem, but advancements in HCV treatment have improved the cure rate. This study evaluated the effectiveness of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in HCV-infected patients from May 2021 to April 2023 i...

Pepper golden mosaic virus (PepGMV) is a bipartite begomovirus of pepper and tomato from North America. In ‘Anaheim’ pepper plants PepGMV-Mo strain (Mo) causes systemic yellow foliar mosaic symptoms, while PepGMV-D strain (D) causes disto...

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection during pregnancy is the leading cause of congenital infection subsequent to viral transplacental transmission. CMV placental infection can contribute to the development of adverse outcomes likely through placental dysf...

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a common arbovirus infection in Croatia. The aim of the study was to analyse 17 years of data on TBE seroprevalence and acute TBE cases in correlation with winter temperature, precipitation and wildlife abundance to i...

Chronic hepatitis B (HBV), alongside hepatitis D virus (HDV) super-/co-infection and chronic hepatitis C (HCV), are major contributors to cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and liver-related mortality. Despite signifi...

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly contagious pathogen responsible for devastating enteric disease and lethal watery diarrhea, leading to significant economic losses in the global swine industry. Understanding the epidemiology and gen...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) eradication is usually associated with dyslipidemia. Most studies in this field have focused on genotype-specific direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), with research on pangenotypic DAAs being limited. This study examined how two p...

Located in the Rocky Mountains within the Arapahoe and Roosevelt National Forests, Colorado State University’s Mountain Campus in Pingree Park hosted the 24th Annual Rocky Mountain Virology Association’s meeting in 2024. A total of 165 pa...

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and other alphaviruses that primarily induce arthritogenic disease in humans, known as “Old World” alphaviruses, present an emerging public health concern as geographic ranges of mosquito vectors expand due to cl...

Marek’s disease (MD), characterized by the rapid onset of T-cell lymphomas in chickens, is caused by Mardivirus gallidalpha2, an oncogenic alphaherpesvirus commonly known as Marek’s disease virus (MDV). MDV encodes a bZIP protein, Meq, wh...

Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST-2) is a restriction factor for human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) and plays an important role in regulating the release of viral particles. However, the antiviral efficacy of BST-2 is antagonized by th...

The Mayaro virus (MAYV), Togaviridae family, genus Alphavirus, has caused several sporadic outbreaks, affecting countries in the Americas. Currently, there are no licensed drugs against MAYV, requiring the search for effective antiviral compounds. Th...

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is the domestic cat analogue of HIV infection in humans. Both viruses induce oral disease in untreated individuals, with clinical signs that include gingivitis and periodontal lesions. Oral disease manifestations i...

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is strongly associated with the development of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) in pediatric liver transplant recipients. PTLD is one of the most common malignancies following liver transplantation an...

In 2021, at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, coronavirus research spiked, with over 83,000 original research articles related to the word “coronavirus” added to the online resource PubMed. Just 2 years later, in 2023, only 30,900 orig...

In an epidemiologic investigation of Enterovirus (EV) infections in a Verona hospital, September 2022–September 2024, we detected EV-C105 in six pediatric patients with upper respiratory symptoms between March and May 2023. The primary objectiv...

The ongoing global outbreak of mpox caused by clade IIb viruses has led to more than 100,000 confirmed cases around the world, highlighting the urgent need for antiviral research to combat current and future mpox outbreaks. Reporter viruses expressin...

Inhaled dry powder formulations of antiviral agents represent a novel and potentially transformative approach to managing respiratory viral infections. Traditional antiviral therapies in the form of tablets or capsules often face limitations in terms...

Introduction: Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection remains a significant global health challenge due to its severity and high risk of progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Bulevirtide, a novel HDV entry inhibitor, has shown promis...

Herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1 and HSV-2), which can be transmitted both orally and sexually, cause lifelong morbidity and in some cases, meningitis and encephalitis. While both the passive transfer of neutralizing antibodies and placental transfer of...

Chimeric orthoflaviviruses derived from the insect-specific Binjari virus (BinJV) offer a promising basis for safe orthoflavivirus vaccines. However, these vaccines have so far only been produced using adherent C6/36 Aedes albopictus mosquito cell cu...

A nuclear export signal (NES) is a cluster of hydrophobic amino acids that can maintain the dynamic shuttling of target proteins between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the hydrophobic region of ⁹²PLLLHKFLLA in Bm65 is...

High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs-O) are promoters to the development of cervical cancer (CC), especially when they co-exist. This study aims to determine the prevalence of the major STIs-O and th...

In this article, we present an assessment of the risk of the potential introduction and spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in cows in Bulgaria. In the spring of 2024, we witnessed an unprecedented spread of the virus in dairy herds in...

Contemporary ART as Dolutegravir (DTG) has significantly advanced antiretroviral therapy, but relatively few data are available on its impact on the emergence of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations (DRMs). Monitoring the emergence of INSTI-associated DRM...

Background: COVID-19 can cause acute pulmonary hypertension (PH), worsening outcomes in critically ill elderly patients. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS), assessing right ventricular hemodynamics, predicts short-term outcomes. This study examines the...

People with HIV (PWH) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), despite a similar life expectancy, have a higher incidence of comorbidities than the general population. This study assessed the influence of proinflammatory biomarkers and clinical factor...

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is a leading cause of acute respiratory disease outbreaks, especially among children. EV-D68 infections can rapidly progress to severe clinical complications and potentially fatal outcomes. In Brazil, no diagnostic or genomic...

The skin provides a life-sustaining interface between the body and the external environment. A dynamic communication among immune and non-immune cells in the skin is essential to ensure body homeostasis. Dysregulated cellular communication can lead t...

Vaccination is a common influenza A virus (IAV) control strategy for pigs. Vaccine efficacy depends on strain cross-protection and effective vaccination program implementation. We evaluated a multi-faceted IAV vaccination strategy which included (a)...

Gene therapy offers promising potential as an efficacious and long-lasting therapeutic option for genetic conditions, by correcting defective mutations using engineered vectors to deliver genetic material to host cells. Among these vectors, adeno-ass...

This study aims to describe neurological, visual, and auditory findings in children whose mothers had confirmed Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy, with most of these children not presenting congenital microcephaly; Methods: an observationa...