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Viruses
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Porcine Viruses 2024
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Porcine Viruses 2024

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Viruses".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2024 | Viewed by 2204

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Guoxin Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
Interests: development of vaccines against animal viruses
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Lingxue Yu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
Interests: viruses; immunology; vaccines
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Jin Cui

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
Interests: porcine virus; immune evasion; pathogenesis; epidemiology; virus evolution; prevention and control; vaccine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Swine virus disease is a kind of disease that inflicts great harm on the pig industry. This disease is not only harmful to pigs, but also highly contagious. Once a pig is infected, an entire farm or even an entire area is at risk. In recent years, various emerging and re-emerging disease pathogens have gradually broken through the existing immune defense line, through continuous recombination and evolution, resulting in the inefficiency or even ineffectiveness of current immune prevention and control measures, bringing huge threats and serious economic losses to the global pig industry. For example, African swine fever virus (ASFV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), and porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV) constantly mutate under multiple selection pressures, such as body immunity and vaccine immunity. As the frequency of international trade increases, viruses spread faster and wider. Similar virus strains in different regions recombine with each other, making the recombinant mutant strains break through the existing immune prevention and control measures, increasing the difficulty of disease prevention and control. Therefore, this Special Issue will focus on the epidemiological study of swine viruses, the pathogenesis and immune escape mechanisms of the viruses, and the development of new vaccines in addition to other related disease prevention and control issues. We welcome you to provide relevant research articles, comments, and original research.

Prof. Dr. Guoxin Li
Dr. Lingxue Yu
Prof. Dr. Jin Cui
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • epidemiology
  • pathogenesis
  • immune evasion
  • virus evolution
  • vaccine

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 3274 KiB  
Article
The Distal Promoter of the B438L Gene of African Swine Fever Virus Is Responsible for the Transcription of the Alternatively Spliced B169L
by Hongwei Cao, Hao Deng, Yanjin Wang, Diqiu Liu, Lianfeng Li, Meilin Li, Dingkun Peng, Jingwen Dai, Jiaqi Li, Huaji Qiu and Su Li
Viruses 2024, 16(7), 1058; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16071058 - 30 Jun 2024
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Abstract
The B169L protein (pB169L) of African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a structural protein with an unidentified function during the virus replication. The sequences of the B169L gene and the downstream B438L gene are separated by short intergenic regions. However, the regulatory mode [...] Read more.
The B169L protein (pB169L) of African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a structural protein with an unidentified function during the virus replication. The sequences of the B169L gene and the downstream B438L gene are separated by short intergenic regions. However, the regulatory mode of the gene transcription remains unknown. Here, we identified two distinct promoter regions and two transcription start sites (TSSs) located upstream of the open reading frame (ORF) of B438L. Using the promoter reporter system, we demonstrated that the cis activity of the ORF proximal promoter exhibited significantly higher levels compared with that of the distal promoter located in the B169L gene. Furthermore, transfection with the plasmids with two different promoters for B438L could initiate the transcription and expression of the B438L gene in HEK293T cells, and the cis activity of the ORF proximal promoter also displayed higher activities compared with the distal promoter. Interestingly, the B438L distal promoter also initiated the transcription of the alternatively spliced B169L mRNA (B169L mRNA2) encoding a truncated pB169L (tpB169L) (amino acids 92–169), and the gene transcription efficiency was increased upon mutation of the initiation codon located upstream of the alternatively spliced B169L gene. Taken together, we demonstrated that the distal promoter of B438L gene initiates the transcription of both the B438L mRNA and B169L mRNA2. Comprehensive analysis of the transcriptional regulatory mode of the B438L gene is beneficial for the understanding of the association of B438L protein and pB169L and the construction of the gene-deleted ASFV. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Porcine Viruses 2024)
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19 pages, 12243 KiB  
Article
Genetic Characterization and Pathogenicity of a Recombinant Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Strain in China
by Yan Ouyang, Yingbing Du, Hejin Zhang, Jiahui Guo, Zheng Sun, Xiuxin Luo, Xiaowei Mei, Shaobo Xiao, Liurong Fang and Yanrong Zhou
Viruses 2024, 16(6), 993; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16060993 - 20 Jun 2024
Viewed by 573
Abstract
Since it was first reported in 2013, the NADC30-like PRRSV has been epidemic in China. Hubei Province is known as China’s key hog-exporting region. To understand the prevalence and genetic variation of PRRSV, herein, we detected and analyzed 317 lung tissue samples from [...] Read more.
Since it was first reported in 2013, the NADC30-like PRRSV has been epidemic in China. Hubei Province is known as China’s key hog-exporting region. To understand the prevalence and genetic variation of PRRSV, herein, we detected and analyzed 317 lung tissue samples from pigs with respiratory disease in Hubei Province, and demonstrated that the NADC30-like strain was the second-most predominant strain during 2017–2018, following the highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV). Additionally, we isolated a new NADC30-like PRRSV strain, named CHN-HB-2018, which could be stably passaged in Marc-145 cells. Genetic characterization analysis showed that compared with the NADC30 strain, the CHN-HB-2018 strain had several amino acid variations in glycoprotein (GP) 3, GP5, and nonstructural protein 2 (NSP2). Moreover, the CHN-HB-2018 strain showed a unique 5-amino acid (aa) deletion in NSP2, which has not previously been reported. Gene recombination analysis identified the CHN-HB-2018 strain as a potentially recombinant PRRSV of the NADC30-like strain and HP-PRRSV. Animal experiments indicated that the CHN-HB-2018 strain has a mild pathogenicity, with no mortality and only mild fever observed in piglets. This study contributes to defining the evolutionary characteristics of PRRSV and its molecular epidemiology in Hubei Province, and provides a potential candidate strain for PRRSV vaccine development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Porcine Viruses 2024)
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14 pages, 1670 KiB  
Article
Porcine Circovirus Type 3 (PCV3) in Poland: Prevalence in Wild Boar Population in Connection with African Swine Fever (ASF)
by Maciej Piotr Frant, Natalia Mazur-Panasiuk, Anna Gal-Cisoń, Łukasz Bocian, Magdalena Łyjak and Anna Szczotka-Bochniarz
Viruses 2024, 16(5), 754; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16050754 - 10 May 2024
Viewed by 753
Abstract
Human health is dependent on food safety and, therefore, on the health of farm animals. One of the most significant threats in regard to swine diseases is African swine fever (ASF). Infections caused by porcine circoviruses (PCVs) represent another important swine disease. Due [...] Read more.
Human health is dependent on food safety and, therefore, on the health of farm animals. One of the most significant threats in regard to swine diseases is African swine fever (ASF). Infections caused by porcine circoviruses (PCVs) represent another important swine disease. Due to the ubiquitous nature of PCV2, it is not surprising that this virus has been detected in ASFV-affected pigs. However, recent data indicate that coinfection of PCV3 and ASFV also occurs. It is still unclear whether PCV infection plays a role in ASFV infection, and that subject requires further analysis. The aim of this study was to assess whether PCV3 and PCV4 are present in the wild boar population in Poland (real-time PCR). The analysis was performed on wild boar samples collected for routine ASF surveillance in Poland, between 2018 and 2021. By extension, the obtained data were compared in regard to ASFV presence in these samples, thus investigating the odds of ASFV infection on the grounds of the PCV carrier state in free-ranging Suidae in Poland. In addition, sequencing of PCV3 and phylogenetic analysis were performed, based on a full genome and a capsid gene. In the current study, we demonstrated the high prevalence of PCV3 in the wild boar population in Poland; meanwhile, PCV4 was not detected. The odds of ASFV infection on the grounds of the PCV3 carrier state in free-ranging Suidae in Poland was more than twice as high. Ten full genome sequences of PCV3 were obtained, all of them belonging to clade 3a. The similarity between them was in the range of 98.78–99.80%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Porcine Viruses 2024)
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