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Volume 17
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10.3390/v17020283
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Article

The Deletion of the MGF360-10L/505-7R Genes of African Swine Fever Virus Results in High Attenuation but No Protection Against Homologous Challenge in Pigs

by
Linlin Zheng
1,2,3,†,
Zilong Yan
4,†,
Xiaolan Qi
1,3,
Jingjing Ren
1,3,
Zhao Ma
5,
Huanan Liu
1,3,
Zhao Zhang
1,3,
Dan Li
1,3,
Jingjing Pei
1,3,
Shuqi Xiao
1,3,
Tao Feng
1,3,*,
Xinglong Wang
2,* and
Haixue Zheng
1,3,*
1
State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
2
College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712199, China
3
Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
4
College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
5
State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Viruses 2025, 17(2), 283; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17020283
Submission received: 24 January 2025 / Revised: 12 February 2025 / Accepted: 15 February 2025 / Published: 18 February 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Animal Viruses)
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Abstract

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causative agent of African swine fever (ASF), a severe hemorrhagic disease with a mortality rate reaching 100%. Despite extensive research on ASFV mechanisms, no safe and effective vaccines or antiviral treatments have been developed. Live attenuated vaccines generated via gene deletion are considered to be highly promising. We developed a novel recombinant ASFV strain by deleting MGF360-10L and MGF505-7R, significantly reducing virulence in pigs. In the inoculation experiment, pigs were infected with 104 50% hemadsorption doses (HAD50) of the mutant strain. All the animals survived the observation period without showing ASF-related clinical signs. Importantly, no significant viral infections were detected in the cohabitating pigs. In the virus challenge experiment, all pigs succumbed after being challenged with the parent strain. RNA-seq analysis showed that the recombinant virus induced slightly higher expression of natural immune factors than the parent ASFV; however, this level was insufficient to provide immune protection. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that deleting MGF360-10L and MGF505-7R from ASFV CN/GS/2018 significantly reduces virulence but fails to provide protection against the parent strain.
Keywords: ASFV; MGF360-10L; MGF505-7R; attenuated strain; immunoprotection ASFV; MGF360-10L; MGF505-7R; attenuated strain; immunoprotection

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zheng, L.; Yan, Z.; Qi, X.; Ren, J.; Ma, Z.; Liu, H.; Zhang, Z.; Li, D.; Pei, J.; Xiao, S.; et al. The Deletion of the MGF360-10L/505-7R Genes of African Swine Fever Virus Results in High Attenuation but No Protection Against Homologous Challenge in Pigs. Viruses 2025, 17, 283. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17020283

AMA Style

Zheng L, Yan Z, Qi X, Ren J, Ma Z, Liu H, Zhang Z, Li D, Pei J, Xiao S, et al. The Deletion of the MGF360-10L/505-7R Genes of African Swine Fever Virus Results in High Attenuation but No Protection Against Homologous Challenge in Pigs. Viruses. 2025; 17(2):283. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17020283

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zheng, Linlin, Zilong Yan, Xiaolan Qi, Jingjing Ren, Zhao Ma, Huanan Liu, Zhao Zhang, Dan Li, Jingjing Pei, Shuqi Xiao, and et al. 2025. "The Deletion of the MGF360-10L/505-7R Genes of African Swine Fever Virus Results in High Attenuation but No Protection Against Homologous Challenge in Pigs" Viruses 17, no. 2: 283. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17020283

APA Style

Zheng, L., Yan, Z., Qi, X., Ren, J., Ma, Z., Liu, H., Zhang, Z., Li, D., Pei, J., Xiao, S., Feng, T., Wang, X., & Zheng, H. (2025). The Deletion of the MGF360-10L/505-7R Genes of African Swine Fever Virus Results in High Attenuation but No Protection Against Homologous Challenge in Pigs. Viruses, 17(2), 283. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17020283

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