Advances in Research on HIV Drug Resistance and Other Determinants of Treatment Success: 3rd Edition

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Human Virology and Viral Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2025 | Viewed by 1204

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, UOC Malattie Infettive, 00168 Rome, Italy
Interests: HIV; antiretroviral therapy; dual therapy; simplification antiretroviral therapy; HIV drug resistance; HIV-DNA
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The field of antiretroviral therapy has been steadily evolving in recent years. New potent antiretroviral drugs have enabled the use of two-drug combinations for both naïve and treatment-experienced patients, alongside standard three-drug antiretroviral therapies. However, antiretroviral drug resistance and other viro-immunological factors (such as viral reservoir, viral subtypes, history of virological failure and therapeutic lines) can still play a role in influencing the risk of virological failure and therapy discontinuation. Moreover, since randomized trials typically exclude patients with those risk factors, clinicians involved in the HIV field have limited or no knowledge of how to safely optimize current antiretroviral therapies in a large proportion of patients with a long history of antiretroviral exposure (especially with previous virological failures), experiencing the burden of age-related, non-communicable diseases, toxicities from antiretroviral regimens and drug–drug interactions.

In addition to clinical trials, cohort studies from the clinical practice, as well as in vitro observations, are of paramount importance in characterizing the risk of virological failure with the newest treatment strategies. Since the advance of HIV medicine relies on personalized, rather than standardized, treatment strategies, research should still focus on the role of drug resistances and other predictors of treatment success, in order to reach the goal of a patient-centered therapeutic approach.

Dr. Alberto Borghetti
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • HIV
  • antiretroviral therapies
  • virological failure
  • HIV drug resistance
  • HIV reservoir
  • HIV viral subtype
  • predictors of virological failure

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

19 pages, 1201 KiB  
Article
Temporal Trends in HIV-1 Subtypes and Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Mutations in Istanbul, Türkiye (2021–2024): A Next-Generation Sequencing Study
by Murat Yaman, Begüm Saran Gülcen, Kübra Özgüler, Muammer Osman Köksal, Serap Demir Tekol and Arzu İlki
Viruses 2025, 17(4), 478; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17040478 - 27 Mar 2025
Viewed by 882
Abstract
HIV-1 genotyping and drug resistance tests are routinely performed in virology laboratories in some countries, aiding clinical management. In Istanbul, between January 2021 and March 2024, plasma samples from 1029 HIV-1-infected patients were analyzed using the NGS method, and mutation and drug resistance [...] Read more.
HIV-1 genotyping and drug resistance tests are routinely performed in virology laboratories in some countries, aiding clinical management. In Istanbul, between January 2021 and March 2024, plasma samples from 1029 HIV-1-infected patients were analyzed using the NGS method, and mutation and drug resistance results were retrospectively evaluated alongside demographic data. Subtype B (54.4%) was most frequent in Turkish patients, while Subtype A1 (43.5%) was predominant among foreign nationals. The most common CRFs were CRF02_AG (3.8%) and CRF56_cpx (1.6%). According to the change in detection rates during the study period, Subtype B decreased, and Subtype A increased. The most frequent mutations detected were A62V (38.7%) and M184V (22.4%) for NRTIs; E138A (55.5%) and E138G (11.5%) for NNRTIs; M46I (33.3%) and M46L (25%) for PIs; and E92Q and G for INIs (total rate: 35.2%). Darunavir/ritonavir had the highest sensitivity rate, while resistance rates for NNRTIs and INIs increased over time. We anticipate that this study, in which we evaluate the routine use of an FDA-approved NGS kit alongside integrated bioinformatics data analysis and automated reporting software for the first time in Türkiye, will contribute to both national and international molecular epidemiological data and public health strategies by providing reliable results that align with international standarts. Full article
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