Advances in Research on HIV Drug Resistance and Other Determinants of Treatment Success: 3rd Edition

Dear Colleagues,

The field of antiretroviral therapy has been steadily evolving in recent years. New potent antiretroviral drugs have enabled the use of two-drug combinations for both naïve and treatment-experienced patients, alongside standard three-drug antiretroviral therapies. However, antiretroviral drug resistance and other viro-immunological factors (such as viral reservoir, viral subtypes, history of virological failure and therapeutic lines) can still play a role in influencing the risk of virological failure and therapy discontinuation. Moreover, since randomized trials typically exclude patients with those risk factors, clinicians involved in the HIV field have limited or no knowledge of how to safely optimize current antiretroviral therapies in a large proportion of patients with a long history of antiretroviral exposure (especially with previous virological failures), experiencing the burden of age-related, non-communicable diseases, toxicities from antiretroviral regimens and drug–drug interactions.

In addition to clinical trials, cohort studies from the clinical practice, as well as in vitro observations, are of paramount importance in characterizing the risk of virological failure with the newest treatment strategies. Since the advance of HIV medicine relies on personalized, rather than standardized, treatment strategies, research should still focus on the role of drug resistances and other predictors of treatment success, in order to reach the goal of a patient-centered therapeutic approach.

Dr. Alberto Borghetti
Guest Editor

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