Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze the course of changes in the blood lactate (BL) concentration in response to the graded exercise test (GXT) and the modified Wingate test (MWT). Methods: This study involved 23 male highly trained...
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of acute high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on immune function and oxidative stress in male canoe/kayak athletes who were well trained. A total of 22 participants were voluntarily recruited wi...
Ice hockey represents a sport with predominantly anaerobic efforts best reflected by repeated sprint ability (RSA) testing (5 × 5 s with 10 s recovery). A controversy persists about the usefulness of VO2max laboratory testing for the assessment...
Background: Experimental studies suggest that mineral waters with high concentrations of calcium and bicarbonate can impact acid–base balance. The purpose of this study was to test the effect on acid–base balance and specific urine gravity, of a bica...
Background: Gut microbiota may influence metabolic and inflammatory responses to exercise through the gut–muscle axis, and probiotic supplementation has been proposed to support adaptation and recovery in endurance athletes. However, evidence i...