There are two types of friction modifiers (FMs) used as lubricant additives: Reaction film FMs (RF-FMs) and adsorption film FMs (AF-FMs). While RF-FMs provide good performance in severe conditions, AF-FMs excel in mild conditions. This empirical evid...
Excessive friction at the wheel–rail contact can limit the lifespan of the wheels and rails. Meanwhile, insufficient friction can lead to increased braking distance, risking safety. Top-of-Rail (TOR) products are recognised for their potential...
The objective of this research is to identify a bio-based friction modifier (FM) with tribological performance comparable to conventional FMs. Promising alternatives to conventional FMs, such as the FMs derived from natural sources, including rapesee...
The requirement to improve energy efficiency is constantly driving the development of high-performance and eco-friendly friction modifiers (FMs). Herein, two innovative sulfur- and phosphorus-free melamine long-chain alcohol esters (Dodec-EG-CC and D...
The increasing global concern over environmental issues has presented significant challenges to traditional lubricant additives that contain sulfur, phosphorus or metal components. Accordingly, the development and application of sulfur- and phosphoru...
Three TOP TIERTM gasoline deposit control additives (DCAs) of differing chemistries were tested for their impact on particulate matter emissions in terms of particulate mass (PM) and particle number (PN) at operating conditions representative of road...