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Advancements in Ignition Engine Technology: From Combustion Efficiency to Emission...
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Advancements in Ignition Engine Technology: From Combustion Efficiency to Emission Reduction

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "I: Energy Fundamentals and Conversion".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 September 2025 | Viewed by 1989

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Łukasz Warguła

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Machine Design, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
Interests: non-road engine; small engine; spark ignition combustion engine; internal combustion engine in machine drives; innovative fuel supply systems; reduction in energy consumption in mechanisms; gasoline chainsaws; biomass production machines; starting mechanisms
Dr. Bartosz Wieczorek

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Machine Design, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
Interests: energy reduction in mechanisms; innovative drive transmission mechanisms; gears

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The internal combustion engine-powered machinery and automotive industries are at a critical juncture as they strive to balance the demand for high-performance machines and vehicles with the necessity of minimizing environmental impact. The development of spark-ignition engine technology remains essential to achieving these goals, especially as researchers and manufacturers work towards optimizing combustion processes, increasing engine efficiency, and reducing emissions. This Special Issue of Energies focuses on the latest advancements in ignition engine technology, encompassing a wide range of topics from fundamental combustion dynamics to innovative emission control strategies.

This Special Issue aims to provide a comprehensive platform for researchers, engineers, and industry professionals to share their findings and insights into the evolution of ignition engine technology. We welcome contributions that explore both theoretical and experimental studies, as well as technological innovations and real-world applications. By presenting a diverse range of research, we seek to foster a holistic understanding of how advancements in ignition engines can contribute to more efficient, cleaner, and sustainable energy solutions.

Topics of interest include but are not limited to the following:

  • Advanced control techniques for fuel and air delivery systems, as well as ignition;
  • Correlations between operating conditions of machines and mechatronic systems, improving their efficiency and environmental impact;
  • Development of alternative fuels and their impact on combustion performance and emissions;
  • Optimization of combustion processes to achieve higher thermal efficiency;
  • Innovations in exhaust after-treatment systems.

Dr. Łukasz Warguła
Dr. Bartosz Wieczorek
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • machines with combustion engines
  • small non-road engines
  • mechatronics in transport
  • innovative design solutions
  • drive control algorithms

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 3105 KiB  
Article
Effect of Stratified Charge Combustion Chamber Design on Natural Gas Engine Performance
by Mehmet Cakir
Energies 2025, 18(9), 2187; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18092187 - 25 Apr 2025
Viewed by 263
Abstract
This study investigates the performance and combustion behavior of a spark ignition engine retrofitted to operate on compressed natural gas (CNG), with a focus on a newly developed stratified charge pre-chamber design. The engine was modified to include an auxiliary intake valve that [...] Read more.
This study investigates the performance and combustion behavior of a spark ignition engine retrofitted to operate on compressed natural gas (CNG), with a focus on a newly developed stratified charge pre-chamber design. The engine was modified to include an auxiliary intake valve that enables partial enrichment of the pre-chamber mixture without the need for a dedicated fuel injector. This hybrid approach combines the mechanical simplicity of passive systems with the enhanced combustion control of active pre-chambers. Both experimental tests and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses were carried out under partial load conditions (8 Nm) and engine speeds ranging from 900 to 1700 rpm. The results demonstrate improvements in indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP), combustion stability, and flame propagation speed—particularly at lower engine speeds where stratified combustion effects are more pronounced. However, increasing engine speed resulted in reduced volumetric efficiency and elevated exhaust temperatures, indicating potential for further optimization via turbocharging or advanced scavenging techniques. Overall, the findings validate the effectiveness of the proposed design in enhancing thermal efficiency and ignition stability in CNG-fueled engines, especially under urban driving conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Ignition Engine Technology: From Combustion Efficiency to Emission Reduction)
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30 pages, 4087 KiB  
Article
The Application of Vibroacoustic Mean and Peak-to-Peak Estimates to Assess the Rapidly Changing Thermodynamic Process of Converting Energy Obtained from Various Fuel Compositions Using a CI Engine
by Marek Waligórski, Maciej Bajerlein, Wojciech Karpiuk, Rafał Smolec and Jakub Pełczyński
Energies 2025, 18(5), 1091; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18051091 - 24 Feb 2025
Viewed by 290
Abstract
This paper presents the effectiveness of representing the process of creating and burning a combustible mixture in vibroacoustic parameters of a compression ignition engine. Empirical engine tests allowed us to conduct analyses in terms of the operating conditions, fuel parameters, and fuel type. [...] Read more.
This paper presents the effectiveness of representing the process of creating and burning a combustible mixture in vibroacoustic parameters of a compression ignition engine. Empirical engine tests allowed us to conduct analyses in terms of the operating conditions, fuel parameters, and fuel type. The influence of dimethyl ether on combustion efficiency was quantified using performance indicators, emission parameters, and vibration estimates (compared to diesel fuel). Mathematical models of combustion and its variability were created using the mean, peak-to-peak amplitude, root mean square error, and peak amplitudes of vibration accelerations, which were also represented using vibration graphics. Dimethyl ether positively influenced engine performance, emissions, and vibration reduction. The proposed method can predict combustion irregularities and detect their sources in engine designs with high kinetic energy, hybrid combustion modeling, and fuel composition identification. Dimethyl ether reduced hydrocarbons by 96–99%, particulate matter by 37–60%, and carbon monoxide by 2.5–19.5%, whereas nitrogen oxides increased by 1–8% (relative to diesel fuel). Emission models were created with accuracies of 0.88–0.96 (hydrocarbons), 0.80–0.98 (particulate matter), 0.95–0.99 (carbon monoxide), and 0.97–0.99 (nitrogen oxides). Dimethyl ether application reduced the mean amplitude of the vibrations in the range of 5.7–60.6% and the peak-to-peak amplitude in the range of 18.2–72.4%. The standard deviation of combustion was decreased by 8.8–49.1% (mean) and by 28.8–39.5% (peak-to-peak). The vibroacoustic models’ accuracy scores were 0.90–0.99 (diesel fuel) and 0.72–0.75 (dimethyl ether). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Ignition Engine Technology: From Combustion Efficiency to Emission Reduction)
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21 pages, 8198 KiB  
Article
Critical Concerns Regarding the Transition from E5 to E10 Gasoline in the European Union, Particularly in Poland in 2024—A Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of the Problem of Controlling the Air–Fuel Mixture Composition (AFR) and the λ Coefficient
by Łukasz Warguła, Bartosz Wieczorek, Łukasz Gierz and Bolesław Karwat
Energies 2025, 18(4), 852; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18040852 - 11 Feb 2025
Viewed by 1107
Abstract
The RED II Directive requires European Union member states to increase the share of renewable energy in the transport sector to at least 14% by 2030. In January 2024, Poland replaced E5 gasoline (95 octane) with E10, which contains up to 10% bioethanol [...] Read more.
The RED II Directive requires European Union member states to increase the share of renewable energy in the transport sector to at least 14% by 2030. In January 2024, Poland replaced E5 gasoline (95 octane) with E10, which contains up to 10% bioethanol derived from second-generation sources such as agricultural residues. The transition to E10 raises concerns about the ability of engine management systems to adapt to its different air–fuel ratio (AFR) requirements. The AFR for E10 (13.82) is 1.98% lower than for E5 (14.25) and 3.88% lower than for pure gasoline (14.7). Research conducted on a spark-ignition engine (with AFR regulation) using an exhaust gas analyzer demonstrated that during the combustion of E5 and E10 fuels with correctly adjusted AFR and operation at λ = 1, the use of E10 potentially increases CO2 and NOx emissions despite reductions in CO and HC. However, when calibrated for E5 and operated with E10 fuel, an increase in CO2 and HC concentrations in the exhaust gases is observed, along with a reduction in CO and NOx. This phenomenon is attributed to operation with lean mixtures, at λ = 1.02. This study investigates both the theoretical and experimental impact of this fuel transition. Fuel systems typically adjust engine operation based on exhaust gas analysis but cannot recognize fuel type, leading to incorrect λ values when the AFR differs from the ECU’s programming. Effective adaptation would require additional fuel composition sensors and editable ECU mappings. For older vehicles or small non-road engines, manual adjustments to injection or carburetor systems may be necessary. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Ignition Engine Technology: From Combustion Efficiency to Emission Reduction)
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