Calorimetric experiments in space of the current and of the next generation measure cosmic rays directly above TeV on satellites in low Earth orbit. A common issue of these detectors is the determination of the absolute energy scale for hadronic show...
In-situ measurements of the spectral information on the lunar surface are of significance to study the geological evolution of the Moon. China’s Chang’E-4 (CE-4) Yutu-2 rover has conducted several in-situ spectral explorations on the Moon. The visibl...
The Moon provides a long-term, stable, and unique location for Earth observation. Several space agencies, such as NASA, ESA, and CNSA, have conducted lunar explorations. To build a Moon-based observation station, site selection is the first step. The...
The Narrow-Angle Cameras (NACs) onboard the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) capture lunar images that play a crucial role in current lunar exploration missions. Among these images, those of the Moon’s permanently shadowed regions (PS...
Owing to the Moon’s rough surface, there is a growing controversy over the conclusion that water ice exists in the lunar permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) with a high circular polarization ratio (CPR). To further detect water ice on the Moon,...
The lunar polar regions are key areas for future exploration due to the long-term continuous illumination and persistently shadowed regions that can cold trap abundant water and other volatiles. However, the complex terrain, dynamic lighting, and sol...
Global Ionospheric Specification (GIS) is based on the Gauss–Markov Kalman filter to assimilate the slant total electron content (TEC) observed from ground-based GPS receivers and space-based radio occultation instrumentations in order to recon...
High-precision lunar scene 3D data are essential for lunar exploration and the construction of scientific research stations. Currently, most existing data from orbital imagery offers resolutions up to 0.5–2 m, which is inadequate for tasks requ...
The main effects of the 10 June 2021 annular solar eclipse on GNSS position estimation accuracy are presented. The analysis is based on TEC measurements made by 2337 GNSS stations around the world. TEC perturbations were obtained by comparing results...
The characterization of the lunar surface and subsurface through the utilization of synthetic aperture radar data has assumed a pivotal role in the domain of lunar exploration science. This investigation concentrated on the polarimetric analysis aime...
This study has compiled the first impact-crater dataset for Mercury with diameters greater than 400 m by a multimodal deep-learning pipeline. We present an enhanced deep learning framework for large-scale planetary crater detection, extending the YOL...
The physical properties of lunar regolith are crucial for exploration planning, hazard assessment, and characterizing scientific targets at global and polar scales. The dielectric constant, a key property, offers insights into lunar material distribu...
Solar eclipses are astronomic phenomena in which the Earth’s moon transits between the planet and the Sun, projecting a shadow onto the planet’s surface. As solar power installed capacity increases, detailed studies of this region-wide phenomenon’s e...
The Permanently Shadowed Regions (PSRs) of the lunar south pole have never been directly sampled. To explore and discover lunar resources, the Chinese lunar south pole exploration mission is scheduled to land in direct sunlight near the PSR, where sa...
Solar and lunar eclipses are indeed the first astronomical phenomena which have been recorded since very early antiquity. Their periodicities gave birth to the first luni-solar calendars based on the Methonic cycle since the sixth century before Chri...
The center path of the 21 June 2020 solar eclipse, which passed through Guam (13.62°N, 144.86°E, 94.6% obscuration), United States, at the end of its journey, provides a peculiar opportunity to study the ionospheric changes as the moon shadow...
Recently, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) performed sea surface temperature (SST) reanalysis (RAN1) from seven AVHRR/3s onboard NOAA-15 to -19 and Metop-A and -B, from 2002–present. Operational L1b data were used as input....
Photography can be used for pleasure and art but can also be used in many disciplines of science, because it captures the details of the moment and can serve as a proving tool due to the information it preserves. During the period of the Apollo progr...
This work will provide a detailed characterization of the travelling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) created by the solar eclipse of 21 August 2017, the shadow of which crossed the United States from the Pacific to the Atlantic ocean. The analysis is...
Lunar Flashlight (LF) is an innovative National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) CubeSat mission that is dedicated to quantifying and mapping the water ice harbored in the permanently shadowed craters of the lunar South Pole. The primary g...
Water ice has been discovered on the moon by radar backscatter at the North Pole and by spectrometry at the South Pole in the Cabeus crater with an extrapolated volume for both poles of conservatively 109 metric tons. Various exogenic and endogenic s...