Strength Training and Muscular Adaptation: Implications for Health and Performance

A special issue of Sports (ISSN 2075-4663).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2027 | Viewed by 2941

Editors


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Guest Editor
Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia
Interests: applied sports physiology; muscle damage; eccentrics; strength training; sports performance

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Guest Editor Assistant
1. Piaget Research Center for Ecological Human Development, Higher School of Sport and Education, Jean Piaget Polytechnic Institute of the North, 4405-678 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
2. Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
Interests: exercise performance; strength and conditioning; exercise physiology bioenergetics; oxygen uptake; biophysics; CrossFit; muscle fatigue and recovery
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Strength training is a key strategy to enhance musculoskeletal health, optimize athletic performance, and support functional capacity across diverse populations, including athletes, older adults, and clinical groups. Current evidence highlights how the adaptations derived from different strength training modalities depend on multiple interacting factors such as load, contraction type, training volume, and recovery dynamics. Understanding how these mechanisms interact is essential to improve performance outcomes and to promote long-term musculoskeletal health.

The aim of this Special Issue, “Strength Training and Muscular Adaptation: Implications for Health and Performance”, is to bring together original research and comprehensive reviews that explore the physiological, biomechanical, and molecular bases of strength training adaptations and their practical implications. We welcome contributions addressing topics such as neuromuscular activation, muscle hypertrophy, fatigue and recovery, load monitoring, innovative training methods, and applications of strength training in injury prevention, rehabilitation, and health promotion.

Our goal is to provide an evidence-based collection that advances the understanding of how strength training can be optimized to enhance both health and sport performance.

Dr. Dale Wilson Chapman
Guest Editor

Dr. Manoel Rios
Guest Editor Assistant

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Keywords

  • strength training
  • muscular adaptation
  • neuromuscular function
  • muscle hypertrophy
  • exercise physiology
  • sport performance
  • fatigue and recovery
  • resistance exercise
  • biomechanics
  • health promotion

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 990 KB  
Article
The Effects of a 16-Week Periodized Resistance Training Program on the Strength, Power, and Body Composition of Elite Collegiate Cheerleaders
by Seiichiro Takei, Kei Kato, Mamiko Ichikawa and Kana Iwano
Sports 2026, 14(5), 177; https://doi.org/10.3390/sports14050177 - 28 Apr 2026
Viewed by 1076
Abstract
This study examined the effects of a 16-week periodized resistance training program on the strength, power, and body composition of elite collegiate cheerleaders. Thirteen female athletes from a nationally top-ranked university team completed a structured program comprising hypertrophy and strength/power phases. Performance testing [...] Read more.
This study examined the effects of a 16-week periodized resistance training program on the strength, power, and body composition of elite collegiate cheerleaders. Thirteen female athletes from a nationally top-ranked university team completed a structured program comprising hypertrophy and strength/power phases. Performance testing at pre-, mid-, and post-intervention included one-repetition maximum (1RM) assessments for the front squat, power clean, and shoulder press, as well as measurements of body mass, lean body mass, and body fat percentage. All strength measures improved significantly across the intervention (front squat: +14.0%, power clean: +17.7%, and shoulder press: +18.3%). Body fat percentage decreased by 6.7%, and lean body mass increased by 2.6%, while total body mass remained statistically unchanged. These results demonstrate that periodized resistance training can elicit meaningful improvements in performance and body composition without increases in body mass. Moreover, the final post-intervention 1RM values—1.43× body mass for the front squat, 1.11× for the power clean, and 0.73× for the shoulder press—offer preliminary benchmarks for the strength performance of high-level collegiate cheerleaders. Full article
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15 pages, 3709 KB  
Article
Architectural and Functional Adaptations to Eccentric Training in Adolescent Volleyball Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial
by Seda Gözener Canbülbül and Bayram Ufuk Şakul
Sports 2026, 14(3), 92; https://doi.org/10.3390/sports14030092 - 2 Mar 2026
Viewed by 1038
Abstract
Eccentric exercise is widely used to enhance muscle strength and performance, yet its specific effects on muscle architecture and functional outcomes in adolescent athletes remain insufficiently explored. This randomized controlled trial examined the effects of an eight-week eccentric heel-drop program on triceps surae [...] Read more.
Eccentric exercise is widely used to enhance muscle strength and performance, yet its specific effects on muscle architecture and functional outcomes in adolescent athletes remain insufficiently explored. This randomized controlled trial examined the effects of an eight-week eccentric heel-drop program on triceps surae architecture, strength, and jump performance in adolescent female volleyball players. Twenty-six athletes were randomized to an exercise group (n = 14) or control group (n = 12). The exercise group performed supervised heel-drops three times weekly, while controls continued regular training. Ultrasound assessed the muscle thickness, fascicle length, and pennation angle of the gastrocnemius medialis, gastrocnemius lateralis, and soleus. Strength was measured via dynamometry, and vertical jumps (squat, countermovement, block, attack) were evaluated. The exercise group showed significant increases in gastrocnemius medialis muscle thickness (p = 0.03) and fascicle length (p = 0.002), with no changes in other muscles. While both groups improved strength, no between-group differences emerged. However, the exercise group demonstrated significant improvements in squat, block, and attack jump performance (p < 0.05). Consequently, eccentric plantar flexor training elicited muscle-specific architectural adaptations and improved sport-specific jump performance. Progressive eccentric heel-drop exercises serve as an effective addition to youth conditioning programs to enhance structural and functional outcomes. Full article
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