Innovations in Therapeutic Strategies for Retinal and Neurodegenerative Diseases

A special issue of Pharmaceuticals (ISSN 1424-8247). This special issue belongs to the section "Pharmacology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 July 2025 | Viewed by 818

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
Interests: glaucoma; Alzheimer’s disease; neurodegeneration; neuroinflammation; neuroprotection; oxidative stress; mitochondrial dysfunction

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
Interests: glaucoma; Alzheimer’s disease; neurodegeneration; neuroinflammation; neuroprotection; oxidative stress; mitochondrial dysfunction

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Neurodegenerative diseases, including glaucoma, Alzheimer’s disease, and retinal disorders such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy, represent a significant global health burden due to their progressive nature and lack of curative treatments. These conditions share common pathological mechanisms, including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal dysfunction, highlighting opportunities for innovative therapeutic approaches.

This Special Issue aims to provide a platform for groundbreaking research and translational advances in the treatment of retinal and neurodegenerative diseases. It seeks to highlight novel therapeutic strategies, ranging from gene and cell therapies to advanced drug delivery systems, as well as diagnostic approaches designed to detect early disease biomarkers and personalize treatments.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying retinal and neurodegenerative diseases;
  • Novel therapeutic interventions, including gene therapy, neuroprotection, and regenerative medicine;
  • Innovations in drug delivery platforms and biomaterials;
  • Advances in retinal prostheses and bioengineered tissues for vision restoration;
  • Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress as therapeutic targets;
  • Artificial intelligence and imaging technologies for early diagnosis and disease management;
  • Translational and clinical studies on emerging therapies.

This Special Issue welcomes contributions from diverse disciplines, including neuroscience, ophthalmology, molecular biology, pharmacology, and biomedical engineering. By bridging these fields, this issue aims to advance our understanding and treatment of complex retinal and neurodegenerative diseases.

Dr. Tonking Bastola
Dr. Won-Kyu Ju
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • glaucoma
  • Alzheimer's diseases
  • retinal disease
  • neuroprotection
  • neuroinflammation

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 3664 KiB  
Article
Neuroprotective Effect of Methylene Blue in a Rat Model of Traumatic Optic Neuropathy
by Nicolás S. Ciranna, Ronan Nakamura, Rafael Peláez, Álvaro Pérez-Sala, Patricia Sarrión, Juan C. Fernández, Alejandra Paganelli, Agustín P. Aranalde, Ulises P. Ruiz, Juan J. López-Costa, César F. Loidl, Alfredo Martínez and Manuel Rey-Funes
Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18(6), 920; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18060920 - 19 Jun 2025
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Abstract
Background: Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) represents a major cause of vision loss worldwide, and treatment options are limited. Here, we study whether methylene blue (MB), a free radical scavenger, is able to prevent morphological and electrophysiological hallmarks of neuropathy in an animal [...] Read more.
Background: Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) represents a major cause of vision loss worldwide, and treatment options are limited. Here, we study whether methylene blue (MB), a free radical scavenger, is able to prevent morphological and electrophysiological hallmarks of neuropathy in an animal model of TON. Methods: The left eyes of Wistar rats were subjected to intraorbital nerve crush (IONC) while the right ones were sham operated. The group of rats treated with MB (n = 16) received five intraperitoneal injections with 2.0 mg/kg MB in the 24 h following IONC while the control group (n = 16) received just vehicle (PBS) as a control. Twenty-one days after surgery, scotopic full field (scERG), scotopic oscillatory potentials (OP), photopic full field (phERG) and pattern (PERG) electroretinography were performed for retinal function assessment. Furthermore, the number of cell nuclei in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) was recorded in post mortem histological sections. Results: IONC induced very significant reductions in electrophysiological parameters including scotopic a- and b-wave, OPs, photopic b-wave, PhNR amplitude and N2 amplitude. In addition, it also generated a significant prolongation of the N2 implicit time, indicating a profound impact on retinal function. This was further corroborated by a very significant reduction in the number of neuronal nuclei in the GCL, suggesting an intense loss and functional impairment of retinal ganglion cells. MB treatment was able to prevent, partially or completely, all those parameters, indicating the efficiency of such approach. Conclusions: Since MB is already approved for clinical use and presents a high safety profile, it could be repurposed as a neuroprotective drug for ophthalmological applications once proper phase 2 clinical trials are accomplished. Full article
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