Effect of Microbial Communities for Environmental Protection and Development of Agriculture

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 May 2024 | Viewed by 914

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramón y Cajal, 4, 18071 Granada, Spain
Interests: environmental microbes; plant-soil-microbes interactions; molecular identification; crops pathogens; microbial ecology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Microorganisms are significantly small life forms; however, they are represented in enormous numbers in every environment worldwide and, thus, play very important roles in the ecosystem functioning in both natural and engineered environments. Their different capabilities are already being used for many applications, among which agriculture is one of the most prominent. In this way, the fate of planet Earth and humanity lies substantially on the microbial communities that inhabit our planet.

Unfortunately, human progress is subjecting our planet to environmental deterioration. This fact is tied to human progress and cannot be avoided, though it can be addressed. There is a crucial need for engineering solutions to remediate the affection that the human population has for the ecosystems of our world. The enormous impact that microbial communities play on the ecosystem functioning on Earth can, thus, be a very important tool for harnessing and alleviating the negative impact that humanity has worldwide, as well as potentiating human processes that rely on their activities. Environmental engineering solutions for the protection of the environment and enhancement of agricultural production are, therefore, essential.

For these reasons, this Special Issue is important for environmental protection and agriculture potentiation based on microbial engineering. Novel approaches for applying microbes to the bioremediation of environments, prevention of pollution, and enhancement of agricultural activity deserve an important spotlight, which we aim to provide. In addition, studies that successfully apply microbial engineering in the environment and agricultural fields are welcome due to the fact that they provide initial frameworks for the regional application of these techniques to further protect the environment and enhance agricultural yield.

Thus, this new Special Issue of Microorganisms entitled ‘Effect of Microbial Communities for Environmental Protection and Development of Agriculture’ gathers contributions on the following topics:

  • Novel techniques for the bioremediation of environmental pollution in the environment;
  • The effects of pollutants on environmental microbial communities and the adaptation process of microbes to environmental stresses of pollution;
  • The use of microbial communities to increase agricultural yield and quality;
  • The use of microorganisms for the protection of plants in agricultural fields against biotic and abiotic stresses;
  • Regional applications of environmental engineering strategies based on microbial communities.

Dr. Alejandro Rodriguez-Sanchez
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • environmental microbial communities
  • environmental protection
  • agriculture potentiation
  • bioremediation
  • ecosystem functioning
  • biotic and abiotic stresses

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

13 pages, 1704 KiB  
Article
Urea Fertilization Significantly Promotes Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Agricultural Soils and Is Attributed to the Short-Term Suppression of Nitrite-Oxidizing Bacteria during Urea Hydrolysis
by Yiming Jiang, Yueyue Zhu, Weitie Lin and Jianfei Luo
Microorganisms 2024, 12(4), 685; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12040685 - 28 Mar 2024
Viewed by 553
Abstract
The application of urea in agricultural soil significantly boosts nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. However, the reason for nitrite accumulation, the period of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) suppression, and the main NOB species for nitrite removal behind urea fertilization have not been thoroughly [...] Read more.
The application of urea in agricultural soil significantly boosts nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. However, the reason for nitrite accumulation, the period of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) suppression, and the main NOB species for nitrite removal behind urea fertilization have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, four laboratory microcosm experiments were conducted to simulate urea fertilization in agricultural soils. We found that within 36 h of urea application, nitrite oxidation lagged behind ammonia oxidation, leading to nitrite accumulation and increased N2O emissions. However, after 36 h, NOB activity recovered and then removed nitrite, leading to reduced N2O emissions. Urea use resulted in an N2O emission rate tenfold higher than ammonium. During incubation, Nitrobacter-affiliated NOB growth decreased initially but increased later with urea use, while Nitrospira-affiliated NOB appeared unaffected. Chlorate suppression of NOB lasted longer, increasing N2O emissions. Urease inhibitors effectively reduced N2O emissions by slowing urea hydrolysis and limiting free ammonia production, preventing short-term NOB suppression. In summary, short-term NOB suppression during urea hydrolysis played a crucial role in increasing N2O emissions from agricultural soils. These findings revealed the reasons behind the surge in N2O emissions caused by extensive urea application and provided guidance for reducing N2O emissions in agricultural production processes. Full article
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