Diagnosis and Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases in Livestock

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2025 | Viewed by 1043

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA
Interests: swine mycoplasmosis; respiratory pathology; pathogenesis of infectious disease; diagnostic assay development

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Livestock provide food and income for people across the world. Understanding and controlling disease is critical not only to the health and wellbeing of the animals, but also to  the food supply chain and the health of humans. Understanding the pathogenesis of disease allows for better diagnostics, preventative medicine, and therapeutics. With the rapid advent of worldwide epidemics and zoonotic spread of disease, the pathogenesis of diseases of livestock also has both a direct and indirect impact on the science of human disease. Diagnostic investigations are central to providing context for treatment, management, and prevention plans. Understanding not only the tests available for disease, but also the contexts of when and how these are used by veterinarians and livestock caregivers allows for efficient, economical diagnosis and rapid returns on investment of resources.

This Special Issue focuses on the diagnostic process, as well as on a broad understanding of the breadth of tests available for livestock infectious disease diagnosis. Additionally, this issue covers the pathogenesis of infectious disease in livestock, with particular focus on comparative pathology and pathogenesis across species.

Dr. Rachel J. Derscheid
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • diseases of cattle
  • diseases of swine
  • diseases of small ruminants
  • diseases of camelids
  • pathology of livestock diseases
  • molecular diagnostics
  • serology
  • bacterial disease of livestock
  • viral diseases of livestock
  • parasitic disease of livestock

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 1317 KiB  
Communication
The Detection and Differentiation of Pigeon Adenovirus Types 1 and 2 via a High-Resolution Melting Curve Platform
by Shuyu Chen, Wenyu Zhang, Zhiwang Tang, Tingting Lu, Chunhe Wan, Wensong Jin and Jiayu Li
Microorganisms 2025, 13(6), 1331; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13061331 - 7 Jun 2025
Viewed by 436
Abstract
Two main adenoviral diseases have been described in pigeons: pigeon adenovirus type 1 (PiAdV-1) and pigeon adenovirus type 2 (PiAdV-2), which belong to the genus Aviadenovirus under the family Adenoviridae. PiAdV-1 and PiAdV-2 are highly pathogenic to pigeons, leading to considerable losses [...] Read more.
Two main adenoviral diseases have been described in pigeons: pigeon adenovirus type 1 (PiAdV-1) and pigeon adenovirus type 2 (PiAdV-2), which belong to the genus Aviadenovirus under the family Adenoviridae. PiAdV-1 and PiAdV-2 are highly pathogenic to pigeons, leading to considerable losses worldwide. To date, there is little information on the epidemiological distribution of PiAdV-1 and PiAdV-2 in pigeons due to the lack of detection and differentiation platforms for these two viruses. High-resolution melting technology (HRM) has been widely used for developing detection and differentiation platforms, with the melting profile based on the GC content in the real-time PCR (qPCR-HRM) system. This study designed and synthesized a pair of specific primers on the basis of the characteristic variations of the 52K genes of PiAdV-1 and PiAdV-2, then the detection and differentiation qPCR-HRM platform was established after conditional optimization. The results showed that this method had good specificity; it could only specifically detect PiAdV-1 and PiAdV-2, with no cross-reaction with other pigeon-origin pathogens that occur in pigeons. This method had high sensitivity, with the lowest detection limits at 57 copies/µL (for PiAdV-1) and 56 copies/µL (for PiAdV-2). This method had good intra-group and inter-group coefficients of variation, both of which were less than 1.5%. Field samples for the epidemiological surveillance and investigation data of PiAdV-1 and PiAdV-2 were checked. We found only PiAdV-2-positive samples in meat pigeons, but the percentages of PiAdV-1-positive, PiAdV-2-positive, and coinfection-positive samples among the racing pigeons were 5.71%, 14.29%, and 2.86%, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of PiAdV-1 and PiAdV-2 using the qPCR-HRM platform. Our study also provided evidence of PiAdV-1 and PiAdV-2 coinfection in racing pigeons, but further studies are needed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases in Livestock)
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11 pages, 954 KiB  
Article
Effect of External Teat Sealant on the Prevention of Intramammary Infection for Milking Cows: A Randomized Cross-Over Design Study
by Yasunori Shinozuka, Takuya Kanda, Keiichi Hisaeda, Akira Goto, Yoichi Inoue and Naoki Yamamoto
Microorganisms 2025, 13(4), 819; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13040819 - 3 Apr 2025
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Abstract
This study clarified the effectiveness of external teat sealant (ETS) in preventing intramammary infections during lactation, using a cross-over study of two experiments (3 cows × 2 periods each) on a dairy farm. In Experiment 1, the control (Group A) received pre-dip and [...] Read more.
This study clarified the effectiveness of external teat sealant (ETS) in preventing intramammary infections during lactation, using a cross-over study of two experiments (3 cows × 2 periods each) on a dairy farm. In Experiment 1, the control (Group A) received pre-dip and post-dip treatments, while the experimental group (Group B) received ETS application instead of post-dip treatment. In Experiment 2, Group C was treated the same as Group B, and Group D received ETS treatment only. After the intervention, teat ends were tested using ATP swabs, and milk collections from the first and last foremilk (Samples 1 and 2, respectively) were conducted over 4 days (8 times in total). In Experiment 1, the ETS application group exhibited lower ATP (p < 0.01) and bacterial counts (BC1, p = 0.02) compared to the control. Conversely, no differences in variables were observed in Experiment 2. The isolation rate of Staphylococcus spp. (>500 colony forming units) from Sample 2 in Groups C and D was significantly higher than that in groups A and B (p < 0.01). Replacing post-milking teat disinfection with ETS does not decrease viable bacterial counts and actually increases the proportion of Staphylococcus spp. ETS application is thus not an effective substitute for teat orifice disinfection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases in Livestock)
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