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Microorganisms
Special Issues
Phytoplankton Ecology and Harmful Algal Bloom Surveillance in Marine Ecosystems
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Phytoplankton Ecology and Harmful Algal Bloom Surveillance in Marine Ecosystems

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2025) | Viewed by 3566

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Patricio A. Díaz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centro i~mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile
Interests: harmful algal blooms; field experiments; population dynamics; biological oceanography
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Rosa I. Figueroa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain
Interests: microalgae life cycle; physiological responses; ecological HAB studies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Marine Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) are an increasing problem in coastal countries worldwide, causing important negative socio-economic and environmental impacts. In this special issue we will focus in the ecological factors surrounding these events, mainly on those that are used, or can be used, for surveillance and management purposes. The main goal of this Special Issue is to present local cases from a global perspective in order to clarify how HABs are originated and develop, but also how scientific information and management aspects can be combined in order to prevent and forecast them more efficiently.

Dr. Patricio A. Díaz
Dr. Rosa I. Figueroa
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB)
  • HAB dynamics
  • ecology
  • coastal oceanography
  • climate change
  • physiological responses
  • species-specific responses
  • taxonomic and molecular characterization
  • monitoring programs
  • marine phycotoxins
  • toxins bioaccumulation
  • biotoxin blooms
  • high-biomass blooms
  • fish-killing blooms
  • control and mitigation tools
  • socioeconomic impacts

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 2904 KiB  
Article
Characterization of a Levanderina fissa Bloom in Aquaculture Ponds and Its Utilization of Dissolved Organic Phosphorus
by Honglin Chen, Xueyao Yin, Yujiao Chen, Yinghao Wang, Qiuping Li, Nanjing Ji, Lingjie Zhou, Guangwei Hu and Xin Shen
Microorganisms 2024, 12(11), 2202; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12112202 - 31 Oct 2024
Viewed by 964
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) pose significant threats to ecosystems and human health worldwide, with their frequency and intensity increasing substantially. The present study reports an algal bloom observed in an aquaculture pond near Haizhou Bay in July 2022. The causative species, identified through [...] Read more.
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) pose significant threats to ecosystems and human health worldwide, with their frequency and intensity increasing substantially. The present study reports an algal bloom observed in an aquaculture pond near Haizhou Bay in July 2022. The causative species, identified through morphological observation and DNA barcoding analysis, was the dinoflagellate Levanderina fissa (Levander) Moestrup, Hakanen, Gert Hansen, Daugbjerg & M. Ellegaard, 2014, known for causing extensive HAB events in the coastal waters of China. A sharp decline in phytoplankton species diversity was observed during the transition from the pre-bloom to the bloom phase. Furthermore, the uptake of four types of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP), including glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), adenosine-5-triphosphate (ATP), sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP), and glyphosate, by isolated L. fissa was investigated in the laboratory. The results showed that G6P, ATP, and TPP supported L. fissa growth as effectively as orthophosphate. Additionally, the elevated concentrations of dissolved inorganic phosphorus in the media of the three treatments indicated the involvement of extracellular hydrolysis. However, alkaline phosphatase was not responsible for the hydrolysis of these three forms of DOP. This study demonstrates that the ability of L. fissa to utilize DOP may confer a competitive advantage within phytoplankton communities, potentially leading to algal blooms in aquaculture ponds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phytoplankton Ecology and Harmful Algal Bloom Surveillance in Marine Ecosystems)
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18 pages, 2280 KiB  
Article
Climate Change Stressors, Phosphate Limitation, and High Irradiation Interact to Increase Alexandrium minutum Toxicity and Modulate Encystment Rates
by Marta Sixto, Pilar Riobó, Francisco Rodríguez, Patricio A. Díaz and Rosa I. Figueroa
Microorganisms 2024, 12(7), 1480; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12071480 - 19 Jul 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1781
Abstract
The changes in the cell physiology (growth rate, cell size, and cell DNA content), photosynthetic efficiency, toxicity, and sexuality under variable light and nutrient (phosphates) conditions were evaluated in cultures of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum obtained from a red tide in the Ría [...] Read more.
The changes in the cell physiology (growth rate, cell size, and cell DNA content), photosynthetic efficiency, toxicity, and sexuality under variable light and nutrient (phosphates) conditions were evaluated in cultures of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum obtained from a red tide in the Ría de Vigo (NW Spain). The cells were grown at low (40 and 150 µE m−2 s−1), moderate (400 µE m−2 s−1), and high (800 µE m−2 s−1) light intensities in a medium with phosphate (P+) and without (P−). Cultures were acclimated to the irradiance conditions for one week, and the experiment was run for ~1 month. The cell size and DNA content were monitored via flow cytometry. Two different clonal strains were employed as a monoculture (in a P− or P+ medium) or, to foster sexuality and resting cyst formation, as a mixed culture (only in a P− medium). A. minutum growth was favored by increasing light intensities until 400 µE m−2 s−1. The DNA content analyses indicated the accumulation of S-phase cells at the highest light intensities (400 and 800 µE m−2 s−1) and therefore the negative effects on cell cycle progression. Only when the cells were grown in a P− medium did higher light intensities trigger dose-dependent, significantly higher toxicities in all the A. minutum cultures. This result suggests that the toxicity level is responsive to the combined effects of (high) light and (low) P stress. The cell size was not significantly affected by the light intensity or P conditions. The optimal light intensity for resting cyst formation was 150 µE m−2 s−1, with higher irradiances reducing the total encystment yield. Encystment was not observed at the lowest light intensity tested, indicative of the key role of low-level irradiance in gamete and/or zygote formation, in contrast to the stressor effect of excessive irradiance on planozygote formation and/or encystment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phytoplankton Ecology and Harmful Algal Bloom Surveillance in Marine Ecosystems)
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