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Research Progress in the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Light...
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Research Progress in the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Light Alloys

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Structural Integrity of Metals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2023) | Viewed by 10720

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Hao Zhou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Nano and Heterogeneous Structural Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Interests: lightweight metal materials; in situ transmission electron microscope; twinning; equal channel angular pressing; nanocrystallization; interfacial segregation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Due to the upcoming energy crisis and environmental pollution, lightweight alloys, such as aluminum, magnesium, and titanium, are attracting more attentions for potential applications in aerospace and transportation industries. The strengthening of lightweight alloys becomes more important, which has definite benefits for the safety of aircrafts and vehicles. Materials science reveals that bridging the relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties is crucial for developing new technologies and theories. An in-depth understanding of the fundamental issues of materials science is very important for the engineering application of high-performance materials.

In this Special Issue, we will publish a set of articles on the microstructure and mechanical properties of lightweight alloys. We encourage authors to submit their latest research on wide aspects, such as interesting microstructures, novel strengthening technologies, in-depth mechanisms, advanced processing for productions, etc. We hope that this open access issue will be of interest to an extensive readership. Articles on the metallurgy, production methods, microstructure characterizations, corrosion resistance, and performance in final products of lightweight alloys are desired.

Prof. Dr. Hao Zhou
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Lightweight alloys
  • Mg alloys
  • Al alloys
  • Ti alloys
  • Microstructures
  • Mechanical properties
  • Corrosion resistance
  • Plastic deformation
  • Strengthening mechanism

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 9415 KiB  
Article
Finite Element Analysis of Restraint Intensities and Welding Residual Stresses in the Ti80 T-Joints
by Liang Zhang, Qi Wang, Pan Chen, Bingbing Luo, Ziling Zhu and Xiaoyu Yang
Metals 2023, 13(1), 125; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13010125 - 08 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1114
Abstract
The restraint intensity of Ti80 T-joints was investigated using finite element analyses. The influence of slit height, vertical plate thickness and base plate thickness was studied, respectively. Results show that the slit height and vertical plate thickness have a significant impact, while the [...] Read more.
The restraint intensity of Ti80 T-joints was investigated using finite element analyses. The influence of slit height, vertical plate thickness and base plate thickness was studied, respectively. Results show that the slit height and vertical plate thickness have a significant impact, while the effect of base plate thickness is negligible. A prediction model of restraint intensity was constructed through binary linear regression; the error was estimated at about 10%. Then, finite element simulations were carried out to study the welding residual stresses of specimens with different restraint intensities. The results show that residual stresses on the backing weld surface are higher in the middle and lower at both ends, while the weld root shows opposite results. In general, stresses at the weld root are greater than those on the weld surface. The mean value of the residual stress at the weld root increases with the increase in restraint intensity but not uniformly, i.e., it is slow at first and then it increases rapidly. A prediction model of the residual stress was produced through cubic fitting, and the errors between the finite element simulations and predictions were about 8%. Using the prediction model, the residual stress of actual Ti80 alloy workpieces can be estimated before welding, and a corresponding strategy for avoiding cracks can be generated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress in the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Light Alloys)
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10 pages, 1619 KiB  
Article
Tuning the Hardness of Produced Parts by Adjusting the Cooling Rate during Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion of AlSi10Mg by Adapting the Process Parameters
by Artur Leis, David Traunecker, Rudolf Weber and Thomas Graf
Metals 2022, 12(12), 2000; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12122000 - 22 Nov 2022
Viewed by 979
Abstract
The mechanical properties of parts produced by laser-based powder bed fusion (LPBF) are mainly determined by the grain structure in the material, which is governed by the cooling rate during solidification. This cooling rate strongly depends on the scan velocity and the absorbed [...] Read more.
The mechanical properties of parts produced by laser-based powder bed fusion (LPBF) are mainly determined by the grain structure in the material, which is governed by the cooling rate during solidification. This cooling rate strongly depends on the scan velocity and the absorbed laser power. Experiments with varying process parameters were performed to develop and validate an analytical model that predicts the hardness of printed AlSi10Mg parts. It was found that it is possible to tune the hardness of additively manufactured parts of AlSi10Mg in a range between 60 ± 9 HV0.5 and 100 ± 10 HV0.5 by adjusting the cooling rate during solidification with adapted process parameters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress in the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Light Alloys)
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8 pages, 2205 KiB  
Communication
A New Extruded Mg-6Bi-3Al-1Zn Alloy with Excellent Tensile Properties
by Shuaiju Meng, Haoran Xiao, Zhanju Luo, Mingchi Zhang, Runlin Jiang, Xueqi Cheng and Haicun Yu
Metals 2022, 12(7), 1159; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12071159 - 07 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1081
Abstract
Aiming to develop low-cost Mg alloys with good mechanical properties, a new Mg-6Bi-3Al-1Zn (wt.%, BAZ631) alloy having a high ultimate tensile strength of ~402 MPa and an elongation of ~15% was fabricated by single pass extrusion. The as-extruded BAZ631 alloy demonstrates an almost [...] Read more.
Aiming to develop low-cost Mg alloys with good mechanical properties, a new Mg-6Bi-3Al-1Zn (wt.%, BAZ631) alloy having a high ultimate tensile strength of ~402 MPa and an elongation of ~15% was fabricated by single pass extrusion. The as-extruded BAZ631 alloy demonstrates an almost fully dynamic recrystallized microstructure with an average grain size of ~2.9 μm. Moreover, both nano-scale Mg3Bi2 and Mg17Al12 precipitates were found dispersed in the matrix. These excellent mechanical properties are attributed to the combined effects of grain boundary strengthening, dispersion and precipitation strengthening induced by both micro and nanoscale second phase particles, and solid-solution strengthening. This high strength and good ductile Mg-Bi based alloy without rare-earth elements addition is expected to inspire a new alloy design strategy for fabricating high performance Mg products for larger-scale industrial applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress in the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Light Alloys)
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10 pages, 3328 KiB  
Article
Effect of Ce on the Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Al-5Mg-3Zn-1Cu Alloy
by Xingwen Zhang, Yudong Sui, Yehua Jiang and Qudong Wang
Metals 2022, 12(3), 371; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12030371 - 22 Feb 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1458
Abstract
The effects of different Ce content on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of Al-5Mg-3Zn-1Cu alloy in metal mold gravity casting were studied in this paper. The microstructure of the alloy was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-Ray diffractometer (XRD). The corrosivity [...] Read more.
The effects of different Ce content on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of Al-5Mg-3Zn-1Cu alloy in metal mold gravity casting were studied in this paper. The microstructure of the alloy was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-Ray diffractometer (XRD). The corrosivity of all alloys in 3.5 wt.%NaCl solution was studied by electrochemical and immersion corrosion techniques. The results show that the microstructure of the alloy is mainly composed of α-Al, T phase, and Al2Cu phase. Ce can refine the organization of the alloy, but when the addition of Ce is higher than 0.25 wt.%, a massive Ce-rich phase appears in the alloy. The results of a potential polarization test show that the corrosion potential of the alloy increases obviously from −1.253 V to −1.193 V with the increase in Ce content in the alloy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress in the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Light Alloys)
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9 pages, 3029 KiB  
Article
Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Evolution of Mg-Gd Alloy during Aging Treatment
by Yi Liu, Yang Song, Na Li, Xuechao Sha, Mengning Xu, Bin Chen, Bo Gao, Lirong Xiao and Hao Zhou
Metals 2022, 12(1), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010039 - 24 Dec 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2520
Abstract
Rare-earth-containing Mg alloys are a group of widely investigated alloys due to the disperse nano-sized precipitations formed during heat treatment. The underlying formation and strengthening mechanisms of precipitation is critical for their industrial applications. In this work, we systematically studied the evolution of [...] Read more.
Rare-earth-containing Mg alloys are a group of widely investigated alloys due to the disperse nano-sized precipitations formed during heat treatment. The underlying formation and strengthening mechanisms of precipitation is critical for their industrial applications. In this work, we systematically studied the evolution of precipitations in a Mg-10Gd alloy, based on the atomic-scaled TEM and HAADF-STEM observations. Especially, the in-depth transition mechanism from G.P. Zone to β”, β’, βT and βM is proposed, as well as their relationships with mechanical properties. It is found that blocking effect of precipitations improves the strength significantly, according to the Orowan mechanism. The elliptic cylinder shaped β’ phase, with a base-centered orthorhombic lattice structure, provides significant strengthening effects, which enhance the hardness and ultimate tensile strength from 72 HV and 170 MPa to 120 HV and 300 MPa. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress in the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Light Alloys)
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15 pages, 54545 KiB  
Article
Investigation of Slow Eutectoid Element on Tensile Properties and Superplasticity of a Forged SP700 Titanium Alloy
by Dong Han, Yongqing Zhao, Weidong Zeng and Junfeng Xiang
Metals 2021, 11(11), 1852; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11111852 - 18 Nov 2021
Viewed by 1117
Abstract
The tensile properties and superplasticity of a forged SP700 alloy with slow eutectoid element (1.5%Cr) addition were investigated in the present paper. The results of the microstructures showed that slow eutectoid element Cr has a significant influence on stabilizing the β phase and [...] Read more.
The tensile properties and superplasticity of a forged SP700 alloy with slow eutectoid element (1.5%Cr) addition were investigated in the present paper. The results of the microstructures showed that slow eutectoid element Cr has a significant influence on stabilizing the β phase and the SP700Cr alloy showed a uniform duplex and completely globular microstructure after annealing at 820 °C for 1 h and aging at 500 °C for 6 h. The results of the tensile tests showed that the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the alloy with optimized microstructure were 1312 MPa, 1211 MPa and 10% at room temperature, and the elongation was achieved to 1127% at 770 °C. Compared with that of the SP700 alloy, the strain rate sensitivity of the SP700Cr alloy showed a higher value. The microstructures after elevated temperature tensile tests showed that the higher density of dislocations and twins exists in SP700 alloy and the lower density of dislocations favor distribution in SP700Cr alloy. Based on the above results, the tensile properties and superplasticity of the forged SP700 alloy with 1.5% Cr addition was analyzed. In addition, microstructure characteristics were investigated by the TEM and EBSD technologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress in the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Light Alloys)
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13 pages, 6871 KiB  
Article
Effect of Temperature on Corrosion Resistance of Layered Double Hydroxides Conversion Coatings on Magnesium Alloys Based on a Closed-Cycle System
by Xiaochen Zhang, Zhijuan Yin, Bateer Buhe, Jiajie Wang, Lin Mao, Bin Liu, Peng Zhou, Yang Zhao, Tao Zhang and Fuhui Wang
Metals 2021, 11(10), 1658; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11101658 - 19 Oct 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1548
Abstract
The effect of temperature on the corrosion resistance of layered double hydroxide (LDH) conversion coatings on AZ91D magnesium alloy, based on a closed-cycle system, was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffractometry (GAXRD) were used to study the surface [...] Read more.
The effect of temperature on the corrosion resistance of layered double hydroxide (LDH) conversion coatings on AZ91D magnesium alloy, based on a closed-cycle system, was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffractometry (GAXRD) were used to study the surface morphology, chemical composition, and phase composition of the conversion coating. The corrosion resistance of the LDH conversion coating was determined through electropotentiometric polarisation curve and hydrogen evolution and immersion tests. The results showed that the conversion coating has the highest density and a more uniform, complete, and effective corrosion resistance at 50 °C. The chemical composition of the LDH conversion coating mainly comprises C, O, Mg, and Al, and the main phase is Mg6Al2(OH)16CO3·4H2O. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress in the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Light Alloys)
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