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Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Multiphase Steels

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A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Metal Casting, Forming and Heat Treatment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2022) | Viewed by 8133

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Prof. Dr. Alberto E. Monsalve

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Guest Editor

Metallurgical Engineering Department, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170124, Chile
Interests: Thermomechanical processing of advanced steels; Fracture mechanics; Failure Analysis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, many researchers have focused their attention in multiphase steels, that is, steels that exhibit different phases: ferrite, retained austenite, martensite and bainite. As a consequence of this complex microstructure, these steels show very good mechanical properties that are appropriate for several applications such as automotive and heavy industries applications. In the past, a lot of investigations were carried out in order to understand the behavior of these kinds of steels. Despite this, at present, research about multiphase steels continues as one of the most powerful and challenging branches of material and engineering science. Due to this, Metals is pleased to invite researchers from all over the world to participate in a Special Issue fully dedicated to “Multiphase Steels” in order to gather information about the latest disclosures about this family of steels and to share knowledge related to physical metallurgy, phase transformations, mechanical properties and any other aspects of multiphasic steels.

Prof. Dr. Alberto E. Monsalve
Guest Editor

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Keywords

Multiphasic Steels
Transformation-Induced Plasticity
Retained Austenite
Plasticity

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 7875 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Bainitic Isothermal Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a CMnSiAl TRIP Steel

by Alexis Guzmán and Alberto Monsalve

Metals 2022, 12(4), 655; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12040655 - 12 Apr 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1762

Abstract

TRIP-assisted CMnSiAl steels with a fully martensitic initial microstructure have been studied in order to investigate the effect of partial substitution of Si by Al. The steel was fabricated by casting in a sand mold, hot forged, homogenizing, hot rolling, cold rolling, intercritical annealing, and finally, an isothermal bainitic treatment. During the intercritical annealing at 1023 K (750 °C) for 420 s, a matrix with a microstructure consisting of 50% proeutectoid ferrite was induced and after isothermal treatment at 663 K (390 °C) for 300 s, a microstructure of ferrite, bainite, and retained austenite was obtained. This austenite was carbon enriched and therefore stabilized, with an M_s lower than original austenite, before bainitic treatment. Microstructure and tensile properties have been analyzed, comparing these results with those corresponding to a commercial TRIP 780 steel. During tensile tests, retained austenite changes from 8.1 to 1.9%vol, with a total elongation of 23.2%, which demonstrates the TRIP effect. Texture analysis showed a weak γ-fiber in the steel, which deteriorates the drawing properties of the steel. The maximum elongation during the tensile test of this steel was obtained at 323 K (50 °C), correlating with the TRIP effect present in steel, which is favored when working within the critical zone of temperatures

M_{s}^{σ}

and

M_{d}

. The results show that partial substitution of Si by Al decreases yield stress, ultimate tensile strength, increases the total elongation, and decreases the temperature for maximum elongation, related to TRIP 780. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Multiphase Steels)

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19 pages, 13353 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Carbon Content and Intercritical Annealing on Microstructure and Mechanical Tensile Properties in FeCMnSiCr TRIP-Assisted Steels

by Enzo Tesser, Carlos Silva, Alfredo Artigas and Alberto Monsalve

Metals 2021, 11(10), 1546; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11101546 - 28 Sep 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1732

Abstract

Four TRIP (Transformation Induced Plasticity) assisted steels, three TBF (TRIP Bainitic Ferrite) steels and one TPF (TRIP Polygonal Ferrite) steel, were manufactured from three different carbon contents (0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 wt.% C), to study the evolution of their microstructure and tensile mechanical properties in 15 mm thick plates. TBF steels were subjected to the same austenitization heat treatment and subsequent bainitization isothermal treatment. The TPF steel was subjected to an intercritical annealing and subsequent isothermal bainitization treatment. All were microstructurally characterized by optical, scanning electron and atomic force microscopy, as well as X-ray diffraction. Mechanically, they were characterized by the ASTM E8 tensile test and fractographies. For the TBF steels, the results showed that when the carbon content increased, there were an increase in volume fraction of retained austenite, of the microconstituent “martensite/retained austenite” and in the tensile strength; and a decrease in the volume fraction of bainitic ferrite matrix and elongation; with an improvement in TRIP behavior due to the increase in retained austenite. The TPF steel presented around 50% ductile polygonal ferrite developing better TRIP behavior than the TBF steels. The evolution of the fractographies was ductile to brittle for TBF steels with an increase in carbon content, and for TPF, the appearance of the fracture surface was ductile. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Multiphase Steels)

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12 pages, 4702 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Structure and Strength of Isothermally Heat-Treated Medium Carbon Ti-V Microalloyed Steel

by Stefan Dikić, Dragomir Glišić, Abdunnaser Fadel, Gvozden Jovanović and Nenad Radović

Metals 2021, 11(7), 1011; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11071011 - 24 Jun 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1719

Abstract

Isothermal transformation characteristics of a medium carbon Ti-V microalloyed steel were investigated using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and by uniaxial compressive testing. Samples austenitized on 1100 °C were isothermally treated in the range from 350 to 600 °C and subsequently water quenched. The final microstructure of the samples held at 350 °C consisted of bainitic sheaves and had compressive yield strength, approximately from 1000 MPa, which is attributed to high dislocation density of low bainite. At 400 and 450 °C, acicular ferrite became prevalent in the microstructure. It was also formed by a displacive mechanism, but the dislocation density was lower, leading to a decrease of compressive yield strength to approximately 700 MPa. The microstructure after the heat treatment at 500 °C consisted of coarse non-polygonal ferrite grains separated by pearlite colonies, principally dislocation free grains, so that the compressive YS reached a minimum value of about 700 MPa. The microstructure of the samples heat-treated at 550 and 600 °C consisted of pearlite and both grain boundary and intragranular ferrite, alongside with some martensite. After 600 s, austenite became stable and transformed to martensite after water quenching. Therefore, the presence of martensite increased the compressive YS to approx. 800 MPa. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Multiphase Steels)

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11 pages, 3315 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hardening by Transformation and Cold Working in a Hadfield Steel Cone Crusher Liner

by Rodrigo Allende-Seco, Alfredo Artigas, Héctor Bruna, Linton Carvajal, Alberto Monsalve and María Florencia Sklate-Boja

Metals 2021, 11(6), 961; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11060961 - 15 Jun 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2331

Abstract

This paper presents the characterization of a secondary cone crusher concave liner made of Hadfield steel used in Chilean mining after crushing copper minerals during all service life. During use, a cone crusher concave liner suffers indentation (cold working) and abrasion; this combination provides the concave with a layer that constantly renews itself, maintaining a surface highly resistant to abrasive wear. The results presented here were obtained using optical microscopy, microhardness test, measuring abrasion using the dry sand/rubber wheel apparatus, and x-ray diffraction peaks analysis through the classic Williamson–Hall method. After analysis of results, two hardened surfaces have been found—one a product of heat treatment and the other due to deformation during use. This work proposes ways to explain them; the first one uses a thermodynamic model to calculate stacking fault energy, and the second compares the liner with cold-rolled samples. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Multiphase Steels)

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