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Metals
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Deformation and Fracture of Condensed Materials in Extreme Conditions
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Deformation and Fracture of Condensed Materials in Extreme Conditions

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Metal Failure Analysis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 12355

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. S. V. Razorenov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
Interests: shock waves; diagnostic methods; strength and elastic-plastic properties of condensed matter; fracture of brittle materials; spall fracture; dynamic properties of metals and alloys; UFG metals and composites; plastics and soft materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Under high strain rate pulsed shock wave load with duration from tens of picoseconds to microseconds, the flow and fracture stress in metals have a temperature-rate dependence. In experiments, the limit (“ideal”) value of shear strength and tensile strength has been approached, and it has been confirmed that the yield stress of some metals increases abnormally with temperature at high strain rates. New evidence has been obtained that demonstrates the strong multiplication of dislocations produced by the elastic precursors following the compression shock waves. It has been found that inclusions and other strengthening factors may have a softening effect under these conditions. New and unexpected features have been observed during the evolution of the elastoplastic compression shock wave. In the next decade, we should expect a significant expansion of the use of shock wave technology to solve problems of materials science and the physics of strength and plasticity. Further studies of strength variations at the meso-level and elucidations of the mechanism of formation of localized shear bands will contribute to the design of new high-strength materials and the improvement of their processing technology. Obtaining the details of the mechanism of brittle fracture during compression will contribute to the advancement in the creation and application of superhard materials, and aid in earthquake prediction.

We expect scholars and researchers from academia and industry around the world to contribute to this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. S. V. Razorenov
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • shock waves
  • spall fracture
  • Hugoniot elastic limit
  • dynamic strength
  • compressibility
  • metals and alloys
  • additive and UFG metals
  • composites

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 4455 KiB  
Article
Dynamic Response Analysis of Projectile Target Penetration Based on an FE-SPH Adaptive Coupling Method
by Tianyi He, Weidong Wu, Yuan Zhu, Yaqin Jiang, Yong Mei, Yuzheng Lv, Jianli Shao and Yunhou Sun
Metals 2023, 13(6), 1074; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13061074 - 5 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2250
Abstract
The penetration of projectiles into targets has a broad background in engineering. In this work, numerical simulations of the projectile-target penetration problem are conducted using the Finite Element Method (FEM), the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) and the Finite Element–Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Adaptive Coupling [...] Read more.
The penetration of projectiles into targets has a broad background in engineering. In this work, numerical simulations of the projectile-target penetration problem are conducted using the Finite Element Method (FEM), the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) and the Finite Element–Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Adaptive Coupling Method (FE-SPH ACM) based on the LS-DYNA software package. First, the penetration experiments using aluminum targets and ceramic targets are simulated. The experimental and simulation results show that the FE-SPH ACM has the better accuracy in calculating the debris cloud head velocity and interface velocity, with an error of no more than 4%. Furthermore, we use the FE-SPH ACM to investigate the anti-penetration performance of aluminum/ceramic composite targets in different combinations. We find that the reasonable layout can improve the protective performance of multi-layered target, especially composite target plates with ceramic as the front layer. In addition, the ballistic limit velocities for ceramic-aluminum ratios of 3/7, 5/5 and 7/3 are approximately 1300 m/s, 1400 m/s and 1500 m/s, respectively. Obviously, increasing the proportion of ceramic materials can enhance the anti-penetration performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deformation and Fracture of Condensed Materials in Extreme Conditions)
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12 pages, 10933 KiB  
Article
Atomistic Investigation of Titanium Carbide Ti8C5 under Impact Loading
by Kang Xia, Haifei Zhan, Jianli Shao, Jiaqiu Wang, Zhuoqun Zheng, Xinjie Zhang and Zhiyong Li
Metals 2022, 12(11), 1989; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12111989 - 20 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2237
Abstract
Titanium carbides attract attention from both academic and industry fields because of their intriguing mechanical properties and proven potential as appealing candidates in the variety of fields such as nanomechanics, nanoelectronics, energy storage and oil/water separation devices. A recent study revealed that the [...] Read more.
Titanium carbides attract attention from both academic and industry fields because of their intriguing mechanical properties and proven potential as appealing candidates in the variety of fields such as nanomechanics, nanoelectronics, energy storage and oil/water separation devices. A recent study revealed that the presence of Ti8C5 not only improves the impact strength of composites as coatings, but also possesses significant strengthening performance as an interlayer material in composites by forming strong bonding between different matrices, which sheds light on the design of impact protection composite materials. To further investigate the impact resistance and strengthening mechanism of Ti8C5, a pilot Molecular Dynamics (MD) study utilizing comb3 potential is carried out on a Ti8C5 nanosheet by subjecting it to hypervelocity impacts. The deformation behaviour of Ti8C5 and the related impact resist mechanisms are assessed in this research. At a low impact velocity ~0.5 km/s, the main resonance frequency of Ti8C5 is 11.9 GHz and its low Q factor (111.9) indicates a decent energy damping capability, which would eliminate the received energy in an interfacial reflection process and weaken the shock waves for Ti8C5 strengthened composites. As the impact velocity increases above the threshold of 1.8 km/s, Ti8C5 demonstrates brittle behaviour, which is signified by its insignificant out-of-plane deformation prior to crack initiation. When tracking atomic Von Mises stress distribution, the elastic wave propagation velocity of Ti8C5 is calculated to be 5.34 and 5.90 km/s for X and Y directions, respectively. These figures are inferior compared with graphene and copper, which indicate slower energy delocalization rates and thus less energy dissipation via deformation is expected prior to bond break. However, because of its relatively small mass density comparing with copper, Ti8C5 presents superior specific penetration. This study provides a fundamental understanding of the deformation and penetration mechanisms of titanium carbide nanosheets under impact, which is crucial in order to facilitate emerging impact protection applications for titanium carbide-related composites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deformation and Fracture of Condensed Materials in Extreme Conditions)
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17 pages, 3603 KiB  
Article
Effect of Heat Treatment and Test Temperature on the Strength Properties of Cast Heat-Resistant Nickel Base Inconel 718 Superalloy under Shock-Wave Loading
by Sergey V. Razorenov, Аndrey S. Savinykh, Gennady V. Garkushin and Svetlana A. Atroshenko
Metals 2022, 12(7), 1098; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12071098 - 27 Jun 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2369
Abstract
The influence of the heat treatment regime and the initial temperature on the strength characteristics of the cast heat-resistant superalloy Inconel 718 under shock loading has been studied. For samples of four types: in the as-received state, in the as-received state with subsequent [...] Read more.
The influence of the heat treatment regime and the initial temperature on the strength characteristics of the cast heat-resistant superalloy Inconel 718 under shock loading has been studied. For samples of four types: in the as-received state, in the as-received state with subsequent heat treatment, in the as-received state after annealing and in the as-received state after annealing and subsequent heat treatment, measurements of the Hugoniot elastic limit and spall strength were carried out, based on the registration and subsequent analysis of the wave profiles in the samples under study. Shock-wave load pulses with an amplitude of ~6.5 GPa were generated using a light-gas gun. Measurement of the evolution of the shock-wave during loading—registration of the velocity profiles of the free surface of all types of samples of different thicknesses was carried out using a laser Doppler velocimeter VISAR. The measurements were carried out at a temperature of 20 °C and 650 °C. The analysis of the results revealed a noticeable effect of heat treatment and temperature on the characteristics of the elastic-plastic transition and the resistance to spalling of the Inconel 718 superalloy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deformation and Fracture of Condensed Materials in Extreme Conditions)
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29 pages, 3904 KiB  
Article
Taylor Impact Tests with Copper Cylinders: Experiments, Microstructural Analysis and 3D SPH Modeling with Dislocation Plasticity and MD-Informed Artificial Neural Network as Equation of State
by Egor S. Rodionov, Victor G. Lupanov, Natalya A. Gracheva, Polina N. Mayer and Alexander E. Mayer
Metals 2022, 12(2), 264; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12020264 - 30 Jan 2022
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4595
Abstract
Taylor impact tests involving the collision of a cylindrical sample with an anvil are widely used to study the dynamic properties of materials and to test numerical methods. We apply a combined experimental-numerical approach to study the dynamic plasticity of cold-rolled oxygen-free high [...] Read more.
Taylor impact tests involving the collision of a cylindrical sample with an anvil are widely used to study the dynamic properties of materials and to test numerical methods. We apply a combined experimental-numerical approach to study the dynamic plasticity of cold-rolled oxygen-free high thermal conductivity OFHC copper. In the experimental part, impact velocities up to 113.6 m/s provide a strain up to 0.3 and strain rates up to 1.7 × 104 s−1 at the edge of the sample. Microstructural analysis allows us to find out pore-like structures with a size of about 15–30 µm and significant refinement of the grain structure in the deformed parts of the sample. In terms of modeling, the dislocation plasticity model, which was previously tested for the problem of a shock wave upon impact of a plate, is implemented in the 3D case using the numerical scheme of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). The model includes an equation of state implemented in the form of an artificial neural network (ANN) and trained according to molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of uniform isothermal stretching/compression of representative volumes of copper. The dislocation friction coefficient is taken from previous MD simulations. These two efforts are aimed at building a fully MD-based material model. Comparison of the final shape of the projectile, the reduction of the sample length and increase in the diameter of the impacted edge of the sample confirm the applicability of the developed model and allow us to optimize the model parameters for the case of cold-rolled OFHC copper. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deformation and Fracture of Condensed Materials in Extreme Conditions)
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