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Materials
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Innovative Approaches for Cellulose-Containing Materials
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Innovative Approaches for Cellulose-Containing Materials

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymeric Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 June 2023) | Viewed by 10920

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Radosław Mirski

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Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Wood Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
Interests: structural elements; mechanics; glulam beams; engineered wood products; construction; timber evaluation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Adam Derkowski

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Wood Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
Interests: chips; sawdust; sawmill processing; chips boards; mechanical properties; lumber and wood-based materials; automation specialist

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The growing demand for lignocellulosic raw materials has led to an increase in innovation in their production technology. The deficit of the main component of wood-based materials, i.e., wood from woody plants, has led to the development of wood-based technology in three main directions: the production of lightweight wood-based materials or materials with reduced density, substitution of wood particles with particles from other plants that have not yet been used as the main raw material, and improvement of the load-bearing capacity of known materials so that the cross-sections of these materials used in the main product can be reduced. However, the changes observed are much more extensive and also concern the development of completely new materials or materials with new properties. The aim of this Special Issue is to bring up-to-date knowledge on the latest processes for manufacturing materials from lignocellulosic raw materials and to present wood-based products with improved or modified properties. This Special Issue also aims to create a space to present not only new technological solutions related to the development of lignocellulose-based materials, but also to identify the features and drawbacks of current materials that need improvement. Therefore, we encourage you to submit both purely scientific articles and review papers, or even interesting expert opinions on new processes for the production of lignocellulosic materials in any board or beam form. Articles may also indicate directions for the use of new or improved wood-based materials.

Dr. Radosław Mirski
Dr. Adam Derkowski
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • lignocellulosic composites/lignocellulosic materials
  • new technologies for wood
  • physical and mechanical properties
  • finite element method (FEM)) construction materials
  • insulation materials
  • manufacturing technologies of wood-based materials for construction and furniture industry

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 5349 KiB  
Article
Selected Mechanical Properties of Glue-Laminated Timber Produced from Locally Repaired Timber
by Adam Derkowski, Marcin Kuliński, Adrian Trociński, Sławomir Krzosek and Radosław Mirski
Materials 2022, 15(22), 8112; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15228112 - 16 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1531
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the mechanical properties determined in a 4-point bending test of beams made of lumber from which knots had been locally removed and the resulting loss replaced with sound wood. Three sets of beams were prepared, which differed in [...] Read more.
This study aimed to evaluate the mechanical properties determined in a 4-point bending test of beams made of lumber from which knots had been locally removed and the resulting loss replaced with sound wood. Three sets of beams were prepared, which differed in the number of layers/lamellas and the position of the lamellas from which edge knots were removed. All the lamellas used in the tests were subjected to a modulus of elasticity assessment. In addition to the distribution of defects, it determined the position of a given piece in the beam structure. The tests showed that high mechanical properties could characterise the beams produced in this way, i.e., a modulus of elasticity close to 12 kN/mm2 and a strength above 40 N/mm2, if the lamellas without knots were located below the outer tension lamella. Significantly better results were obtained when PUR glue was used in the inserts rather than MUF. In this case, beams with an improved outer lamella in the tension zone using semi-circular inserts glued with PUR glue had an average strength of 34.6 N/mm2. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Approaches for Cellulose-Containing Materials)
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10 pages, 2035 KiB  
Article
GL Beams Reinforced with Plywood in the Outer Layer
by Dorota Dziurka, Adam Derkowski, Marek Wieruszewski, Marcin Kuliński and Radosław Mirski
Materials 2022, 15(11), 3976; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15113976 - 2 Jun 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1530
Abstract
Glulam beams are increasingly used in the construction industry because of their high strength and the possibility of using round timber with smaller cross-sections. The load-bearing capacity of beams is strongly related to the quality of the outer layers and, in the case [...] Read more.
Glulam beams are increasingly used in the construction industry because of their high strength and the possibility of using round timber with smaller cross-sections. The load-bearing capacity of beams is strongly related to the quality of the outer layers and, in the case of wood, especially the tension zones. For these reasons, this study decided to replace the outer lamella with tensile plywood. The produced beams were subjected to static bending strength and modulus of elasticity evaluation. It was shown that the best static bending strength values were obtained for beams containing plywood in the tension layer. However, the change in structure in the tension zone of beams made of glued laminated timber results not only in an increase in the load capacity of elements produced in this way but also in a decrease in the range/range of the obtained results of bending strength. This way of modifying the construction of glued laminated beams allows a more rational use of available pine timber. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Approaches for Cellulose-Containing Materials)
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12 pages, 3120 KiB  
Article
The Strength of Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Sawn Timber in Correlation with Selected Wood Defects
by Marek Wieruszewski, Adrian Trociński, Jakub Kawalerczyk, Adam Derkowski and Radosław Mirski
Materials 2022, 15(11), 3974; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15113974 - 2 Jun 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1712
Abstract
Pine timber of Polish origin intended for structural purposes is characterized by significant variability in the quality parameters. Technological suitability determined on the basis of relevant international classifications is based on the assessment of both selected mechanical and physical properties of wood. Moreover, [...] Read more.
Pine timber of Polish origin intended for structural purposes is characterized by significant variability in the quality parameters. Technological suitability determined on the basis of relevant international classifications is based on the assessment of both selected mechanical and physical properties of wood. Moreover, the description of visual properties is also a valuable indicator regarding defect distribution. In the group of quality features playing a crucial role in the classification of sawn timber, there are knots, disruptions of grains, cracks, etc. Thus, the aim of the research was to determine the correlation between the presence of selected defects and the strength properties of individual timber pieces. This type of study is based on a nondestructive test method that allows for high optimization of sawn materials processing. In the case of sawn timber of Polish origin, the modulus of elasticity (MOE) determined using the sonic test is commonly used as a criterion. The research material was harvested from southern Poland. The results of the conducted studies confirmed a correlation between an increasing occurrence of particular types of defects and the results of MOE. Furthermore, as a result of the performed investigations, no significant effect of narrow surface cracks on strength properties was observed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Approaches for Cellulose-Containing Materials)
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11 pages, 2185 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Periodic Loading of Glued Laminated Beams on Their Static Bending Strength
by Dorota Dziurka, Adam Derkowski, Dorota Dukarska, Jakub Kawalerczyk and Radosław Mirski
Materials 2022, 15(11), 3928; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15113928 - 31 May 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1568
Abstract
Engineered wood products (EWP) such as glulam beams are gaining more and more popularity due to several advantages resulting from the wood itself, as well as the constant search for structural materials of natural origin. However, building materials face some requirements regarding their [...] Read more.
Engineered wood products (EWP) such as glulam beams are gaining more and more popularity due to several advantages resulting from the wood itself, as well as the constant search for structural materials of natural origin. However, building materials face some requirements regarding their strength. Thus, the study aimed to assess the static bending strength of structural beams produced with the use of pine wood, after the periodic loading of approximately 80 kN for a year. The manufactured beams differed in the type of facing layers, i.e., pine timber with a high modulus of elasticity and plywood. The produced beams, regardless of their structure, are characterized by a similar static bending strength. Moreover, it has been shown that the loading of beams in the range of about 45% of their immediate capacity does not significantly affect their static bending strength and linear modulus of elasticity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Approaches for Cellulose-Containing Materials)
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11 pages, 4638 KiB  
Article
The Possibility to Use Pine Timber Pieces with Small Size in the Production of Glulam Beams
by Dorota Dziurka, Jakub Kawalerczyk, Joanna Walkiewicz, Adam Derkowski and Radosław Mirski
Materials 2022, 15(9), 3154; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15093154 - 27 Apr 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1637
Abstract
Engineered wood products, such as glulam beams, attract much attention from the building industry in recent years. Therefore, there is a constant necessity to seek new models of structural beams, which assume the use of outsized sawn wood pieces as an alternative for [...] Read more.
Engineered wood products, such as glulam beams, attract much attention from the building industry in recent years. Therefore, there is a constant necessity to seek new models of structural beams, which assume the use of outsized sawn wood pieces as an alternative for the standard construction timber. Three variants of glulam beams, composed of the main yield and side boards arranged in various structures, were proposed. Moreover, the usefulness of wedge-jointed, small-sized timber pieces was also investigated. The manufactured beams were tested, in terms of their mechanical properties, such as bending strength, elastic energy, modulus of elasticity, and resilience. The outcomes have shown that the beams manufactured using wedge-bonded timber of lower grade do not deviate considerably from beams produced from homogeneous lamellas. Furthermore, the results of modulus of elasticity, in the case of the three-layered beams composed of both small-sized non-homogenous main yield and side boards, exceeded the requirements from EN 14080. It allowed us to classify the obtained materials as GL 32c, which is the highest grade specified within the standard. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Approaches for Cellulose-Containing Materials)
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9 pages, 2270 KiB  
Article
Possibility to Use Short Sawn Timber in the Production of Glued Laminated Beams
by Dorota Dziurka, Marcin Kuliński, Adrian Trociński and Radosław Mirski
Materials 2022, 15(9), 2992; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15092992 - 20 Apr 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1657
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that the geometry of micro-joints significantly affects the strength of the so joined timber element. The bending strength increases by creating a larger bonding area by increasing the length of the wedge joint. Although this type of joint has [...] Read more.
Numerous studies have shown that the geometry of micro-joints significantly affects the strength of the so joined timber element. The bending strength increases by creating a larger bonding area by increasing the length of the wedge joint. Although this type of joint has been successfully used for many years, it can still be troublesome to make. For these reasons, the present study investigated an easy-to-fabricate wedge joint, which we folded during the beams’ formation and glued with the same adhesive as the individual lamellas. Although the research has not fully answered all the questions relevant to both scientific and technological curiosity, it indicates the great potential of this solution. Following the principle adopted in the ongoing wood optimisation work, we concluded that the beams of the target cross-section should be produced, and it should only be possible to cut them to a certain length. In this approach, we only removed defects at critical points for the beam structure and, in this way, up to 30% of the timber processed could be saved or better utilised. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Approaches for Cellulose-Containing Materials)
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