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An Overview of Highly Porous Adsorbent Materials: Synthesis, Properties and Applications

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Porous Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 November 2025 | Viewed by 1114

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Małgorzata Maciejewska

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Guest Editor
Department of Polymer Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Gliniana 33, 20-614 Lublin, Poland
Interests: synthesis of new monomers; synthesis of polymers and copolymers in the form of monolits and microsphres; synthesis of porous materials; chemical modification of polymers; investigation of the internal structure of the porous materials; hierarchical porous polymers; thermal (TG/DS) analysis of synthetic and natural polymers; ATR investigation; swelling studies; adsorption studies of water contaminants; inverse gas chromatography (IGC)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Magdalena Rogulska

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Guest Editor
Department of Polymer Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Gliniana 33, 20-614 Lublin, Poland
Interests: sulfur-containing monomers; thermoplastic polyurethanes; polythiourethanes; elastomers; thermal (TG/DSC) analysis; mechanical and adhesive properties
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Marta Grochowicz

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Guest Editor
Department of Polymer Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, M. Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
Interests: novel synthesis of functional monomers; functional polymer synthesis and characterization; functionalization of polymer surface; thermal properties of polymers; application of polymeric microspheres in separation processes; polymeric drug delivery systems; polymeric composites; biodegradable polymers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Porous materials contain regions of empty spaces into which guest molecules can be selectively adsorbed and sometimes chemically transformed. This has made them useful in both industrial and domestic applications, ranging from gas separation, energy storage, and ion exchange to heterogeneous catalysis and green chemistry. Advanced porous materials such as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), porous aromatic frameworks (PAFs), and porous carbon materials with high specific surface areas, abundant functional groups, accessible pore structures, tunable pore sizes, and easy modifications are attractive as adsorbents for the capture of toxic heavy metal ions, organic pollutants, and radionuclides from aqueous solutions.

We are keen to receive contributions reporting results with porous materials for different kinds of adsorbents/biosorbents and for different applications (drinking water treatment, purification of irrigation water, wastewater decontamination, and industrial wastewater treatment, among others), covering a wide range of adsorbates (heavy metals, toxic metalloids, surfactants, and dyes, among others).

Original research articles, reviews, or short communications discussing the latest findings and progress in this field are all welcome.

Dr. Małgorzata Maciejewska
Dr. Magdalena Rogulska
Dr. Marta Grochowicz
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • porous materials
  • adsorbents
  • adsorption
  • pollutants
  • wastewater treatment
  • heavy metals
  • decontamination

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 2815 KiB  
Article
Physicochemical Analysis of Composites Based on Yellow Clay, Hydroxyapatite, and Clitoria ternatea L. Obtained via Mechanochemical Method
by Klaudia Kowalska and Ewa Skwarek
Materials 2025, 18(13), 3011; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18133011 - 25 Jun 2025
Viewed by 200
Abstract
The present study describes the mechanochemical synthesis and physicochemical characterization of a novel composite material composed of yellow clay, hydroxyapatite, and Clitoria ternatea L. The synthesis was carried out using a solvent-free, energy-efficient mechanochemical method. The composite was analyzed for its toxicity, particle [...] Read more.
The present study describes the mechanochemical synthesis and physicochemical characterization of a novel composite material composed of yellow clay, hydroxyapatite, and Clitoria ternatea L. The synthesis was carried out using a solvent-free, energy-efficient mechanochemical method. The composite was analyzed for its toxicity, particle size distribution, release of bioactive compounds, surface morphology, structural features, and electrokinetic properties. UV-VIS spectrophotometry revealed that the release of bioactive substances was approximately 1.5 to 3 times higher in the composite compared to control samples. Particle size analysis indicated a wide distribution ranging from 350 to 1300 nm. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption (ASAP) confirmed the porous nature of the material, while SEM and FTIR analyses verified the successful incorporation of all components. Electrokinetic studies showed zeta potential values ranging from +15 mV to –32 mV, indicating varying colloidal stability. The proposed composite demonstrates promising potential as a carrier of biologically active substances for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue An Overview of Highly Porous Adsorbent Materials: Synthesis, Properties and Applications)
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25 pages, 2162 KiB  
Article
Adsorption of Butylparaben and Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution Using Activated Carbon Derived from Oak Bark
by Dorota Paluch, Robert Wolski, Aleksandra Bazan-Wozniak and Robert Pietrzak
Materials 2025, 18(13), 2984; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18132984 - 24 Jun 2025
Viewed by 202
Abstract
This study presents the production of activated carbon through the direct physical activation of oak bark using carbon (IV) oxide. The activation process was conducted at three distinct temperatures of 700 °C, 800 °C, and 900 °C. The activation time was 60 min. [...] Read more.
This study presents the production of activated carbon through the direct physical activation of oak bark using carbon (IV) oxide. The activation process was conducted at three distinct temperatures of 700 °C, 800 °C, and 900 °C. The activation time was 60 min. A comprehensive series of analytical procedures was performed on the resultant adsorbents. These included elemental analysis, determination of textural parameters, Boehm titration, pH determination of aqueous extracts, pHpzC0, assessment of ash content, and elemental and XPS analysis. Subsequently, adsorption tests for butyl paraben and methylene blue were carried out on the materials obtained. The total surface area of the sorbents ranged from 247 m2/g to 696 m2/g. The acid-based properties of the samples tested were examined, and the results indicated that the sorbents exhibited a distinct alkaline surface character. The sorption capacities of the tested samples for butylparaben ranged between 20 and 154 mg/g, while the capacities for methylene blue varied between 13 and 224 mg/g. The constants of the Langmuir and Freundlich models were determined for each of the impurities, as well as the thermodynamic parameters. The present study investigates the influence of contact time between adsorbent and adsorbate, in addition to the kinetics of the adsorption processes. The activated carbon samples obtained demonstrated satisfactory sorption capacities, with the material obtained at 900 °C exhibiting the best sorption capacities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue An Overview of Highly Porous Adsorbent Materials: Synthesis, Properties and Applications)
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15 pages, 4214 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of Porous Polymers by Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction of Polyamines and Monochlorotriazinyl-β-Cyclodextrin and Application to Dye Adsorption
by Naofumi Naga, Risa Hiura and Tamaki Nakano
Materials 2025, 18(11), 2588; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18112588 - 1 Jun 2025
Viewed by 436
Abstract
Network polymers with β-cyclodextrin moieties were prepared by nucleophilic substitution reactions between polyamines, linear polyethyleneimine (LPEI), polyallylamine (PAA), (ε-poly-L-lysine) (EPL), and monochlorotriazinyl-β-cyclodextrin (MCTCD) in methanol/water mixed solvent or water. The reactions under conditions of high material concentration (30 wt%) and a feed ratio [...] Read more.
Network polymers with β-cyclodextrin moieties were prepared by nucleophilic substitution reactions between polyamines, linear polyethyleneimine (LPEI), polyallylamine (PAA), (ε-poly-L-lysine) (EPL), and monochlorotriazinyl-β-cyclodextrin (MCTCD) in methanol/water mixed solvent or water. The reactions under conditions of high material concentration (30 wt%) and a feed ratio of [MCT]/[NH] = 0.5 (mol/mol) successfully yield porous polymers via reaction-induced phase separation. The molecular structure of the polyamines and reaction conditions strongly affected the morphology of the resulting porous polymers. The porous polymers were composed of connected particles, gathered (slightly connected) particles, and/or disordered bulky structures, with sizes of 10−9 m–10−8 m. An increase in the molecular weight of LPEI and PAA and the feed molar ratio of [MCT]/[NH] tended to decrease the particle size. Young’s moduli of the LPEI-MCTCD and PAA-MCTCD porous polymers increased with an increase in bulk density, which was derived from small particle sizes. The wide particle size distribution and disordered structure caused collapse by the compression under 50 N of pressure. An LPEI-MCTCD adsorbed methyl orange, methylene blue, and phenolphthalein through ionic interactions, π–π interaction, and/or β-cyclodextrin inclusion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue An Overview of Highly Porous Adsorbent Materials: Synthesis, Properties and Applications)
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