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Innovative Technologies in Carbon Based Materials
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Innovative Technologies in Carbon Based Materials

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Carbon Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 June 2022) | Viewed by 15424

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Dinara Sobola

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic
Interests: thin films; scanning probe microscopy; energy harvesting materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is devoted to the description of technologies for the preparation of a wide range of carbon and carbon-containing materials, as well as the characterization of their structure and properties. The depiction of new approaches and experimental methods for research on carbon materials is suitable for this Special Issue.

Carbon is one of the most intriguing elements in the periodic table. While some carbon materials are already widely used in industry, others are the focus of attention of researchers in both fundamental and applied sciences. Carbon has several types of electron hybridization, such as sp3 (diamond), sp2 (graphite), sp (carbyne), as well as mixed hybridization. The nanostructured forms of such materials have a high potential for various high-tech applications.

The biocompatibility of carbon materials with living tissue provides wide opportunities for their use in ophthalmology, dermatology, dentistry, neurosurgery, cardiology and orthopedics. Progress in the field of carbon materials leads to the enhancement of technologies and minimization of costs in such industries as waste processing, production of catalysts, filters, sorption technologies, steel production, lubricants, electric motors, rocket engines, aircraft and rocket parts, mechanical engineering, energy harvesting and storage, production of sports equipment, electrodes in batteries, and active bio supplements.

Advanced carbon and carbon-containing materials require intensive studies of dimensional effects for further application in modern technologies. The aim of this Special Issue is a generalization of new experimental and theoretical data in the field of carbon materials.

You are welcome to submit a manuscript(s) for this Special Issue. Full papers, communications, and reviews are suitable and expected.

Dr. Dinara Sobola
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • graphite
  • carbon composite material
  • electrode
  • fullerene
  • carbon nanotube
  • low dimensional structure
  • carbon catalyst
  • carbon materials in medicine

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 2527 KiB  
Article
Effect and Mechanism of Pitch Coating on the Rate Performance Improvement of Lithium-Ion Batteries
by Bo-Ra Kim, Ji-Hong Kim and Ji-Sun Im
Materials 2022, 15(13), 4713; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15134713 - 05 Jul 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3290
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of pitch coating on graphite anode materials used in lithium-ion batteries and investigated the mechanism whereby pitch coating improves the electrochemical properties. The FG (flake graphite) and pitch were mixed in weight ratios of 95:5–80:20. The mixture was [...] Read more.
This study evaluated the effect of pitch coating on graphite anode materials used in lithium-ion batteries and investigated the mechanism whereby pitch coating improves the electrochemical properties. The FG (flake graphite) and pitch were mixed in weight ratios of 95:5–80:20. The mixture was pressed and prepared into a block form. Additionally, heat treatment was performed at 900 °C for 1 h and pulverized in the size range of 10–25 μm. The results showed that the particles of uniform pitch-coated graphite became more spherical. However, when the pitch is added excessively, pitch aggregation occurs rather than a thicker coating, indicating a nonuniform particle shape. Pitch has a randomly oriented structure and a small crystal size. Therefore, pitch serves as a lithium-ion diffusion pathway, resulting in an improved rate of performance. Notably, the uniform pitch-coated graphite exhibited an outstanding rate of performance owing to the relieving of particle orientation in the electrode rolling process. During the rolling process, the particles are oriented perpendicular to the lithium-ion diffusion pathway, making it difficult for the lithium ions to diffuse. Adding an excessive amount of pitch was found to deteriorate the rate of performance. Pitch aggregation increased the interfacial resistance by forming a heterogeneous surface. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Technologies in Carbon Based Materials)
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12 pages, 42191 KiB  
Article
Structure and Thermal Expansion of Cu−90 vol. % Graphite Composites
by Andrej Opálek, Štefan Emmer, Roman Čička, Naďa Beronská, Peter Oslanec, Jr. and Jaroslav Kováčik
Materials 2021, 14(22), 7089; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14227089 - 22 Nov 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1587
Abstract
Copper–graphite composites are promising functional materials exhibiting application potential in electrical equipment and heat exchangers, due to their lower expansion coefficient and high electrical and thermal conductivities. Here, copper–graphite composites with 10–90 vol. % graphite were prepared by hot isostatic pressing, and their [...] Read more.
Copper–graphite composites are promising functional materials exhibiting application potential in electrical equipment and heat exchangers, due to their lower expansion coefficient and high electrical and thermal conductivities. Here, copper–graphite composites with 10–90 vol. % graphite were prepared by hot isostatic pressing, and their microstructure and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) were experimentally examined. The CTE decreased with increasing graphite volume fraction, from 17.8 × 10−6 K−1 for HIPed pure copper to 4.9 × 10−6 K−1 for 90 vol. % graphite. In the HIPed pure copper, the presence of cuprous oxide was detected by SEM-EDS. In contrast, Cu–graphite composites contained only a very small amount of oxygen (OHN analysis). There was only one exception, the composite with 90 vol. % graphite contained around 1.8 wt. % water absorbed inside the structure. The internal stresses in the composites were released during the first heating cycle of the CTE measurement. The permanent prolongation and shape of CTE curves were strongly affected by composition. After the release of internal stresses, the CTE curves of composites did not change any further. Finally, the modified Schapery model, including anisotropy and the clustering of graphite, was used to model the dependence of CTE on graphite volume fraction. Modeling suggested that the clustering of graphite via van der Waals bonds (out of hexagonal plane) is the most critical parameter and significantly affects the microstructure and CTE of the Cu–graphite composites when more than 30 vol. % graphite is present. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Technologies in Carbon Based Materials)
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24 pages, 74941 KiB  
Article
A Comparative Study of the Mechanical Properties of FDM 3D Prints Made of PLA and Carbon Fiber-Reinforced PLA for Thin-Walled Applications
by Jerzy Bochnia, Malgorzata Blasiak and Tomasz Kozior
Materials 2021, 14(22), 7062; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14227062 - 21 Nov 2021
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 3668
Abstract
This study focused on the analysis of the mechanical properties of thin-walled specimens fabricated by fused deposition modelling (FDM). Two materials were considered, i.e., polylactide (PLA) and polylactide with carbon fiber (PLA-CF). The article describes how the specimens with different thicknesses and printing [...] Read more.
This study focused on the analysis of the mechanical properties of thin-walled specimens fabricated by fused deposition modelling (FDM). Two materials were considered, i.e., polylactide (PLA) and polylactide with carbon fiber (PLA-CF). The article describes how the specimens with different thicknesses and printing orientations were designed, printed, measured to assess their geometric and dimensional accuracy, subjected to tensile testing, and examined using scanning electron microscopy. The data provided here can be used for further research aimed at improving filament deposition and modifying the base material by combining it with different components, for example carbon fiber. The investigations revealed that the properties of thin-walled elements produced by FDM varied significantly depending on the thickness. So far, this problem has not been investigated extensively. Research by analyzing the key parameter, which is the direction of printing that is important for thin-walled models, provides a lot of new information for designers and technologists and opens the way to further extended scientific research in the field of the strength analysis of thin-walled models produced by 3D printing, which is very applicable to structure optimization in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 and progress in the LEAN manufacturing process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Technologies in Carbon Based Materials)
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12 pages, 2893 KiB  
Article
Water-Soluble Copper Ink for the Inkjet Fabrication of Flexible Electronic Components
by Nabi S. Shabanov, Kamil Sh. Rabadanov, Sagim I. Suleymanov, Akhmed M. Amirov, Abdulgalim B. Isaev, Dinara S. Sobola, Eldar K. Murliev and Gulnara A. Asvarova
Materials 2021, 14(9), 2218; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14092218 - 26 Apr 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2462
Abstract
The aim of this work is preparation and investigation of copper conductive paths by printing with a different type of functional ink. The solutions based on copper-containing complex compounds were used as inks instead of dispersions of metal nanoparticles. Thermal characteristics of synthesized [...] Read more.
The aim of this work is preparation and investigation of copper conductive paths by printing with a different type of functional ink. The solutions based on copper-containing complex compounds were used as inks instead of dispersions of metal nanoparticles. Thermal characteristics of synthesized precursors were studied by thermogravimetry in an argon atmosphere. Based on the comparison of decomposition temperature, the dimethylamine complex of copper formate was found to be more suitable precursor for the formation of copper layers. Structure and performance of this compound was studied in detail by X-ray diffraction, test of wettability, printing on flexible substrate, and electrical measurements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Technologies in Carbon Based Materials)
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11 pages, 4189 KiB  
Article
Case Study of Polyvinylidene Fluoride Doping by Carbon Nanotubes
by Pavel Kaspar, Dinara Sobola, Klára Částková, Rashid Dallaev, Eva Šťastná, Petr Sedlák, Alexandr Knápek, Tomáš Trčka and Vladimír Holcman
Materials 2021, 14(6), 1428; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14061428 - 15 Mar 2021
Cited by 49 | Viewed by 3474
Abstract
Modern material science often makes use of polyvinylidene fluoride thin films because of various properties, like a high thermal and chemical stability, or a ferroelectric, pyroelectric and piezoelectric activity. Fibers of this polymer material are, on the other hand, much less explored due [...] Read more.
Modern material science often makes use of polyvinylidene fluoride thin films because of various properties, like a high thermal and chemical stability, or a ferroelectric, pyroelectric and piezoelectric activity. Fibers of this polymer material are, on the other hand, much less explored due to various issues presented by the fibrous form. By introducing carbon nanotubes via electrospinning, it is possible to affect the chemical and electrical properties of the resulting composite. In the case of this paper, the focus was on the further improvement of interesting polyvinylidene fluoride properties by incorporating carbon nanotubes, such as changing the concentration of crystalline phases and the resulting increase of the dielectric constant and conductivity. These changes in properties have been explored by several methods that focused on a structural, chemical and electrical point of view. The resulting obtained data have been documented to create a basis for further research and to increase the overall understanding of the properties and usability of polyvinylidene fluoride fiber composites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Technologies in Carbon Based Materials)
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