Impact of Physical Exercises on Bone Activities
A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Physiology and Pathology".
Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 March 2021) | Viewed by 37568
Special Issue Editors
Interests: Physical exercise; bone repair; bone quality, bone biology, total knee arthroplasty and rehabilitation
Special Issue Information
Dear Colleagues,
Bone tissue is a dynamic tissue that is modeled and reshaped according to the constraints applied to it (Law of Julius Wolff, 1892(Wolff, 1986)). In particular, the development of bone mass in the absence of exercise is estimated at only 30 to 50% of its potential (Santos et al., 2017). As with muscle, exercise and mechanical strains are therefore necessary for bone strengthening. Physical exercise causes mechanical stresses (impacts on the ground, shocks, traction at muscular insertions) that directly affect bone (Rubin and Lanyon, 1984) and biochemical agents transported by blood (hormones, cytokines) favoring bone anabolism (Bonewald, 2007; Bonewald and Johnson, 2008). Exercise is also recognized to have a positive effect on the human skeleton and to contribute to the prevention and treatment of Bone (Daly et al., 2014; Marques et al., 2012; Musumeci et al., 2013).
Bone quality is associated to bone strength and is dependent on a large variety of interconnected factors. Bone geometry (bone size, cortical thickness, moment of inertia), microarchitecture (trabecular connectivity, trabecular shape, cortical porosity, tissue organization) and tissue properties (cellular density, osteocyte network integrity, mineralization degree, mineral crystallinity, hydration, degree and type of collagen cross-linking) all have an effect on bone quality (Fonseca et al., 2014).
Nowadays, it is generally accepted that without considering the specific effects of the bone cells, whatever the theoretical model, the prediction of bone remodeling remains at best phenomenologically driven. Although at the continuous level (scale of the bone) the continuum mechanics is “manageable”, the integration of continuum biology is highly risky since, for the time being, there are no experimental measurements available in the literature able to link the local cells phenomena to the bone continuum. The full understanding of the bone mechanobiology is still unknown.
For this special issue, studies in human and animal model could be accepted. Original article and/or review will be appreciated.
Dr. Hugues Portier
Dr. Stéphane Pallu
Guest Editors
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Keywords
- bone
- mechanical strains
- physical exercises
- osteocytes
- osteoclast activities
- bone quality
- Bone microstructure
- Bone biology
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