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Life
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Challenges and Control of Newcastle Disease Viruses
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Challenges and Control of Newcastle Disease Viruses

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (24 September 2021) | Viewed by 5115

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Bratko Filipic

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Guest Editor
CIETO (Croatian Institute for Experimental and Translational Oncology), Koledinecka 03, 10040 Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: royal jelly; interferon-gamma; interferon-alpha; cytokines; bees honey; P-glycoprotein; radioimmunoassay microbiology apiculture; TNF; beekeeping; pollination; ecology; immunology; biomedical science
Prof. Dr. Hrvoje Mazija

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Guest Editor
1. CIETO (Croatian Institute for Experimental and Translational Oncology), Koledinečka 03, 10040 Zagreb, Croatia
2. Department of poultry diseases, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: NDV1999HDS; La Sota; respiratory system; newly hatched poultry; chicken

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

According to the OIE report on March 2021, Newcastle disease (ND) resists all efforts for full control in most geographic areas, with very few exceptions. It has enormous direct economic impact due to the mortality or control measures applied. The control of ND, as it is suggested or performed today, is obviously not reaching the final goal, which is enabling an inexpensive and affordable approach to a specific resistance to ND. Among measures directed to the control of ND, specific vaccination is the only one that offers possibilities of improvements. The model we propose is acceptable for most less-developed parts of the world, and should be done in a stepwise approach. Small hatcheries should deliver newly hatched birds which are already protected against ND. Such birds revaccinated in small farms develop long-lasting immunity, which can be delivered to final rural keeper. For long-lasting immunity against ND, we suggest the use of live mild strains of NDV, such as heat-resistant Ulster 2C, Queensland V4, or the recently introduced Croatian strain of NDV ZG1999HDS. This strain compared to other NDV vaccines gives much longer immunity to newly hatched chickens regardless of the level of maternal antibodies, lasting up to two months. At the same time, it has immunomodulation patterns. The proposed mode of vaccination in a hatchery is nebulization, which ensures the aerosol delivery of vaccine water suspension with at least 95% particles in a range of 3–5 µm. Not only vaccines against ND, but also against Marek’s disease (HVT FC 126), avian pox, infectious bursa disease, or infectious bronchitis (lentogenic strains) could be delivered in hatcheries by the same method.

Prof. Bratko Filipič
Prof. Hrvoje Mazija
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Newcastle disease
  • Newcastle disease virus
  • lentogenic heat-resistant strains
  • immunomodulation
  • antitumor activity
  • vaccination
  • nebulization
  • NDV chemotherapy

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 1722 KiB  
Article
The Enhancing Effects of 10% PBS Washout of Holocene Minerals on HuIFN-αN3 Inducing Capacity of NDV ZG1999HDS or Sendai virus (Cantell Strain)
by Bratko Filipič, Lidija Gradišnik, Adriana Pereyra, Gordan Mršić, Marjan Andrašec and Hrvoje Mazija
Life 2022, 12(3), 414; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12030414 - 12 Mar 2022
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Abstract
Different strains of Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) or Sendai viruses (SV) are used to induce the production of human leukocyte multi subtype interferon-alpha (HuIFN-αN3). Their inducing capacity can be enhanced in different ways. One includes 10% PBS washout of Holocene minerals (HM). The [...] Read more.
Different strains of Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) or Sendai viruses (SV) are used to induce the production of human leukocyte multi subtype interferon-alpha (HuIFN-αN3). Their inducing capacity can be enhanced in different ways. One includes 10% PBS washout of Holocene minerals (HM). The presented study aims to compare the HuIFN-αN3 inducing capacity of NDV ZG1999HDS or SV (Cantell strain) strain in vitro, and to evaluate the enhancing effect of 10% PBS washouts of HM on both viruses. The NDV strains’ ZG1999HDS interferon inducing capacity (483.23 ± 4.5 pg/mL) was similar to that of the SV (Cantell strain) (584.16 ± 5.9 pg/mL). It was shown that the HuIFN-αN3 inducing capacity of the strain of NDV ZG1999HDS can be strongly enhanced with 10% PBS washout of HM to 3818.21 ± 41.9 pg/mL and 4790.34 ± 33.5 pg/mL with SV (Cantell strain), u. The RP-HPLC analyses of such HuIFN-αN3 induced with the strain of NDV ZG1999HDS show the difference to SV (Cantell strain) induced HuIFN-αN3 in the absence of subtype α14 and the lower level of the subtype α1. The possible ways of such enhancement were also studied and it was postulated that the Fe2+ ions from 10% PBS washouts of HM, while stimulating the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) formation, activate the transcription factor NF- κB and consequently the production of HuIFN-αN3. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Control of Newcastle Disease Viruses)
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12 pages, 1597 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Chicken Immune Responses to Immunization with Vaccine La Sota or ZG1999HDS Strain of Newcastle Disease Virus
by Gordana Nedeljković, Hrvoje Mazija, Željko Cvetić, Mladen Jergović, Krešo Bendelja and Željko Gottstein
Life 2022, 12(1), 72; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12010072 - 5 Jan 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2345
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious avian disease. Global control of ND is mainly based on vaccination of poultry; however, reported outbreaks of ND in vaccinated flocks indicate a constant need to re-evaluate the existing vaccines and a development of the new [...] Read more.
Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious avian disease. Global control of ND is mainly based on vaccination of poultry; however, reported outbreaks of ND in vaccinated flocks indicate a constant need to re-evaluate the existing vaccines and a development of the new ones. In this study, 4-week-old male chickens of the layer commercial hybrid were immunized oculonasally with a commercial NDV live La Sota vaccine (LS group), a suspension of lyophilized NDV strain ZG1999HDS (ZG group), or saline (Control (K) group). Antibody response was determined by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) was characterized by immunophenotyping of leukocyte’s and T-lymphocyte’s subpopulations (flow cytometry). Applied NDV strains did not cause any adverse reaction in treated chickens. Both strains induced the significantly higher HI antibody response in comparison to the control group, and overall antibody titer was higher in ZG group than in LS group. CMI, manifested as a higher proliferation of B- and T-helper cells, yielded better results in the ZG groups than in the LS group. Based on the obtained results, we conclude that the strain ZG1999HDS is immunogenic and is a suitable candidate for further research and development of poultry vaccines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Control of Newcastle Disease Viruses)
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