Advances in Lung Cancer: The Potential Role of Healthy Lifestyle

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 June 2022) | Viewed by 2983

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of advanced medical and surgical sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
Interests: adipose tissue; adiponectin; obesity; nutrition; physical activity; orexinergic system
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Guest Editor
Thoracic Surgery Unit, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
Interests: lung resection; emphysema; lung cancer; needle biopsy; air embolism; pneumothorax trachea stenosis; pathologic constriction

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Correct nutrition has a pivotal role on mind and body health. A lot of data from the literature reported the important role of nutrition; indeed, it is well known the diet and the foods can impact DNA. A healthy lifestyle is important to combat obesity and aging, and to prevent many inflammatory diseases and cancer. In this regard, adequate nutrition represents one of the epigenetic strategies against many diseases, such as cancer. In addition, a healthy diet induces the expression of many genes involved in the repair of cellular damage and reduces the expression of genes involved in the mechanisms of oxidative stress and inflammation. Lung cancer is the main cancer-related cause of death in developed countries, with an unsatisfactory five-year survival rate. Despite substantial advances in our understanding of the molecular basis of lung cancer, ongoing research on driver genes, mechanisms of immune evasion, and the tumor microenvironment, which also triggers crosstalk phenomena between organs/tissues, is expected to improve both early disease detection and survival. In lung cancer cohorts, there is a heterogeneity in the genetic susceptibility across lung cancer histological subtypes, possibly reflecting different underlying oncogenic molecular drivers. Recently, obesity was recognized as a major risk factor linked to both the incidence and progression of several cancer types. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms, by which adipose tissue affects both tumor initiation and progression, have not yet been completely elucidated. Nevertheless, it is well known that, beyond the adipose tissue volume, the presence of either inflammation/adipocyte hypertrophy or hypoxia reflects the metabolic and inflammatory status involved in the disruption of local and systemic physiological body homeostasis. Adipocytes, through the production and secretion of different adipokines, while facilitating inter-organ crosstalk, indirectly affects the biology of tumor cells by regulating insulin resistance and inflammation. Given this evidence, it may be interesting and important to understand the molecular pathways and biological mechanisms which undergo the strong interaction between healthy lifestyle and lung cancer establishment and development.

Dr. Rita Polito
Dr. Gaetana Messina
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • healthy lifestyle
  • nutrition
  • physical activity
  • obesity
  • lung cancer
  • adipose tissue
  • adipokines

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 1527 KiB  
Article
Sputum Microbiome Composition in Patients with Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma
by Elizaveta Baranova, Vladimir Druzhinin, Ludmila Matskova, Pavel Demenkov, Valentin Volobaev, Varvara Minina, Alexey Larionov and Victor Titov
Life 2022, 12(9), 1365; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12091365 - 1 Sep 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2527
Abstract
Background: Recent findings indicate that the host microbiome can have a significant impact on the development of lung cancer by inducing an inflammatory response, causing dysbiosis, and generating genome damage. The aim of this study was to search for bacterial communities specifically associated [...] Read more.
Background: Recent findings indicate that the host microbiome can have a significant impact on the development of lung cancer by inducing an inflammatory response, causing dysbiosis, and generating genome damage. The aim of this study was to search for bacterial communities specifically associated with squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Methods: In this study, the taxonomic composition of the sputum microbiome of 40 men with untreated LUSC was compared with that of 40 healthy controls. Next-Generation sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes was used to determine the taxonomic composition of the respiratory microbiome. Results: There were no differences in alpha diversity between the LUSC and control groups. Meanwhile, differences in the structure of bacterial communities (β diversity) among patients and controls differed significantly in sputum samples (pseudo-F = 1.53; p = 0.005). Genera of Streptococcus, Bacillus, Gemella, and Haemophilus were found to be significantly enriched in patients with LUSC compared to the control subjects, while 19 bacterial genera were significantly reduced, indicating a decrease in beta diversity in the microbiome of patients with LUSC. Conclusions: Among other candidates, Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae) emerges as the most likely LUSC biomarker, but more research is needed to confirm this assumption. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Lung Cancer: The Potential Role of Healthy Lifestyle)
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