Advances in Lung Cancer: The Potential Role of Healthy Lifestyle

Dear Colleagues,

Correct nutrition has a pivotal role on mind and body health. A lot of data from the literature reported the important role of nutrition; indeed, it is well known the diet and the foods can impact DNA. A healthy lifestyle is important to combat obesity and aging, and to prevent many inflammatory diseases and cancer. In this regard, adequate nutrition represents one of the epigenetic strategies against many diseases, such as cancer. In addition, a healthy diet induces the expression of many genes involved in the repair of cellular damage and reduces the expression of genes involved in the mechanisms of oxidative stress and inflammation. Lung cancer is the main cancer-related cause of death in developed countries, with an unsatisfactory five-year survival rate. Despite substantial advances in our understanding of the molecular basis of lung cancer, ongoing research on driver genes, mechanisms of immune evasion, and the tumor microenvironment, which also triggers crosstalk phenomena between organs/tissues, is expected to improve both early disease detection and survival. In lung cancer cohorts, there is a heterogeneity in the genetic susceptibility across lung cancer histological subtypes, possibly reflecting different underlying oncogenic molecular drivers. Recently, obesity was recognized as a major risk factor linked to both the incidence and progression of several cancer types. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms, by which adipose tissue affects both tumor initiation and progression, have not yet been completely elucidated. Nevertheless, it is well known that, beyond the adipose tissue volume, the presence of either inflammation/adipocyte hypertrophy or hypoxia reflects the metabolic and inflammatory status involved in the disruption of local and systemic physiological body homeostasis. Adipocytes, through the production and secretion of different adipokines, while facilitating inter-organ crosstalk, indirectly affects the biology of tumor cells by regulating insulin resistance and inflammation. Given this evidence, it may be interesting and important to understand the molecular pathways and biological mechanisms which undergo the strong interaction between healthy lifestyle and lung cancer establishment and development.

Dr. Rita Polito
Dr. Gaetana Messina
Guest Editors

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