Extracellular Vesicles and Degenerative Diseases: Role in Both Diagnosis and Therapeutics

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2023) | Viewed by 2440

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Guest Editor
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
Interests: stem cells; brain organoids; kidney organoids; stem cell extracellular vesicles; tissue regeneration; disease modeling
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Degenerative diseases which worsen the structure and function of the affected organs have been a major healthcare burden worldwide due to their associated mortality and morbidity. Degenerative diseases can affect various parts of the body, including the brain, bones, liver, and kidney. Currently, there are no effective treatment regimens available for degenerative diseases. In recent years, stem cell therapy has made remarkable progress in research and regenerative medicine for a variety of disorders. In-depth research has revealed that paracrine effects of the stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs)/Exosomes, play major role in the reported reduction in degenerative diseases. The advantages of stem cell-derived EVs over stem cells themselves, such as lower tumorigenicity and immunological responses, make them a preferable therapeutic approach. In the case of degenerative diseases, early detection is critical for disease prevention and therapy. EVs contain proteins, lipids, microRNA (miRNA), and RNA, and are found in biological fluids, such as urine, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid, which varies depending on their origin and recipient cells. EVs have been discovered to communicate with other cells under a variety of healthy and pathological situations. Evs/Exosomes, therefore, are used as a source of biomarker for early disease diagnosis in many degenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. This emerging approach of using EVs in both diagnosis and treatment for various diseases needs further exploration. Therefore, in this Special Issue we will focus on the recent advances in the field of EVs in both diagnosis and treatment of degenerative diseases.

Dr. Julie Bejoy
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • extracellular vesicles
  • neurodegenerative diseases
  • biomarkers
  • mRNA

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 1984 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Different Isolation Methods for Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Patients with Hyperlipidemia
by Ke Zhen, Xiaojuan Wei, Zelun Zhi, Shuyan Zhang, Liujuan Cui, Yue Li, Xia Chen, Jing Yao and Hongchao Zhang
Life 2022, 12(11), 1942; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12111942 - 21 Nov 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2132
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are commonly found in human body fluids and can reflect current physiological conditions of human body and act as biomarkers of disease. The quality of isolated extracellular vesicles facilitates the early diagnosis of various diseases accompanied by hyperlipidemia. Nonetheless, there are [...] Read more.
Extracellular vesicles are commonly found in human body fluids and can reflect current physiological conditions of human body and act as biomarkers of disease. The quality of isolated extracellular vesicles facilitates the early diagnosis of various diseases accompanied by hyperlipidemia. Nonetheless, there are no reports on which special methods are suitable for isolating extracellular vesicles from the plasma of patients with hyperlipidemia. Thus, this study compared three different research-based extracellular vesicle isolation approaches, namely ultracentrifugation (UC), polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation, and size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and determined which of them was the most effective method. We selected blood samples from 12 patients with clinically diagnosed hyperlipidemia and isolated plasma-derived extracellular vesicles using three methods. The morphology of the isolated extracellular vesicles was observed using transmission electron microscopy, while the concentration was detected by asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation and multi-angle light scattering. Marker proteins were identified by Western blotting, and protein composition was evaluated by silver staining. Both determined the contaminations in the extracellular vesicle samples. The results showed that the three methods can be successfully used for the isolation of extracellular vesicles. The extracellular vesicles isolated by UC were larger in size, and the yield was much lower. Although the yield of extracellular vesicles isolated by PEG precipitation was greatly improved, the contamination was increased. Of the three methods, only the SEC-isolated extracellular vesicles were characterized by high yield and low contamination. Therefore, our data suggested that the SEC was a more ideal method for isolating extracellular vesicles from the plasma of patients with hyperlipidemia. Full article
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