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Life
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Updates on Respiratory Pathologies
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Updates on Respiratory Pathologies

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Physiology and Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2025 | Viewed by 2982

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Mieczyslaw Pokorski

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Guest Editor
Institute of Health Sciences, Opole University, 45-040 Opole, Poland
Interests: respiratory disorders; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; respiratory tract infection; pulmonary clinical treatment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The incidence of respiratory disorders continues to increase worldwide. This may be exemplified by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which has moved to the top five causes of mortality. Respiratory disorders constitute a heavy medical and socioeconomic burden, leading to chronic health-span handicaps and shortening of lifespan. This Special Issue focuses on current aspects of clinical and basic knowledge about respiratory pathologies and their sequelae, particularly concerning cardiovascular and brain functions. The underlying reason usually is hypoxia due to breathing insufficiency.

The articles presented here will seek to contribute to the diagnosis and therapy of a range of pulmonary disorders, underscoring the intertwined relationship between respiration and other neurobiological body systems. Prospective authors should focus on cutting-edge, evidence-based pathogenetic concepts, methodologies, and innovative treatments. The respiratory tract is one of a few that are open to direct contact with the environment and thus is vulnerable to disease-causing pathogens and sources of toxicity. It is also the first line of defense in combating health risks, which requires it to work most efficiently.

The contributions presented herein will aim at addressing the needs of professionals engaged in respiratory and related medical fields and be a source of inspiration for further advancements in pulmonary clinics.

Prof. Dr. Mieczyslaw Pokorski
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Life is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • respiratory disorders
  • chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  • respiratory tract infection
  • pulmonary clinical treatment

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 2054 KiB  
Article
Influence of Insert Brand and Culture Method on Ciliary Activity and Epithelial Cell Types in Human Nasal Air–Liquid Interface Cell Cultures
by Patricia Celkova, Emilie Seydoux, Susan De Groof and Loretta Müller
Life 2025, 15(6), 958; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15060958 - 14 Jun 2025
Viewed by 534
Abstract
Cultures of primary human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) differentiated at the air–liquid interface (ALI) represent a sophisticated and widely used model of the human upper respiratory epithelium. Despite the availability of various cell culture insert types and the well-established understanding that different culture [...] Read more.
Cultures of primary human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) differentiated at the air–liquid interface (ALI) represent a sophisticated and widely used model of the human upper respiratory epithelium. Despite the availability of various cell culture insert types and the well-established understanding that different culture media influence the cell culture characteristics, the possible impact of the insert brand remains rather underexplored. We cultured hNECs from nineteen healthy adult donors on three distinct brands of commercially available inserts—Corning® Transwell®, CELLTREAT®, and ThinCert®—and compared the ciliary activity and cellular composition of the cultures using high-speed video microscopy and flow cytometry, respectively. Additionally, we employed an alternative method of hNEC culture setup—the inverted condition—wherein the hNECs were seeded on the basal side of the insert with the idea to avoid mucus accumulation. Our results show that ciliary activity and cell type composition did not differ between insert types for both culture conditions. However, we found a higher ciliary beat frequency and a lower active (ciliated) area in the inverted setup compared to the conventional setup across all three insert brands. These findings indicate that all three mentioned insert types yield comparable cell cultures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates on Respiratory Pathologies)
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16 pages, 896 KiB  
Article
Clinical and Paraclinical Peculiarities of SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Infections in Children: A Comparative Study
by Maria Oana Săsăran, Carmen Viorica Muntean, Andreea Bianca Stoica, Carmen Schwesig, Anca Meda Văsieșiu, Anca Doina Pleșca and Cristina Oana Mărginean
Life 2025, 15(5), 784; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15050784 - 14 May 2025
Viewed by 503
Abstract
Background: SARS-CoV-2 and influenza can present with similar clinical pictures in children, with symptoms and paraclinical particularities which might aid in the differentiation of the two entities and which can be suggestive of various complications. The present study aims to identify clinical and [...] Read more.
Background: SARS-CoV-2 and influenza can present with similar clinical pictures in children, with symptoms and paraclinical particularities which might aid in the differentiation of the two entities and which can be suggestive of various complications. The present study aims to identify clinical and paraclinical differences between pediatric SARS-CoV-2 and influenza infection and to assess the utility of hematological parameters for prediction of their related complications. Methods: In this study, 266 children were retrospectively enrolled, divided into two groups: 129 children diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection and 137 children infected with influenza. In each case, particular symptoms were recorded, as well as hospitalization duration, pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission or O2 supplementation requirement. Parameters of the hemoleucogram and biochemistry parameters were also collected for comparative assessment. Results: SARS-CoV-2 infections were more commonly associated with digestive symptoms, whereas influenza infections implied longer hospital stays and higher likelihood of PICU admission necessity. Monocytes and lymphocyte/monocyte ratios (LMRs) were significantly higher in the SARS-CoV-2 group (p < 0.01, p = 0.02). Several hematological parameters, such as neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios, correlated with hospitalization duration in SARS-CoV-2 and influenza B infections (p < 0.01, p = 0.01), whereas LMR was predictive of respiratory distress (p = 0.02) in the same study groups. Conclusions: According to the study, monocyte levels and LMR can aid in the distinction of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 and influenza infections and LMR and NLR can be used particularly as predictors of complicated course of these infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates on Respiratory Pathologies)
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16 pages, 1646 KiB  
Article
Cardio-Respiratory, Functional and Antalgic Effects of the Integrated Thermal Care Protocol After Breast Cancer Surgery
by Giovanni Barassi, Stefania Spina, Francesco D’Alessandro, Loris Prosperi, Celeste Marinucci, Massimo Lombardi, Maurizio Panunzio and Andrea Santamato
Life 2025, 15(3), 374; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15030374 - 27 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 954
Abstract
Background: In the cardio-respiratory rehabilitation field, thermal medicine represents an interesting complementary therapy approach. It can aid in complex medical contexts characterized by cardio-respiratory deficiency, functional limitation, and pain determined by the invasiveness of pharmacological and surgical treatments in combination with limited post-surgical [...] Read more.
Background: In the cardio-respiratory rehabilitation field, thermal medicine represents an interesting complementary therapy approach. It can aid in complex medical contexts characterized by cardio-respiratory deficiency, functional limitation, and pain determined by the invasiveness of pharmacological and surgical treatments in combination with limited post-surgical physical activity. Methods: We investigated the evolution of cardio-respiratory and functional performances following the application of the Integrated Thermal Care (ITC) protocol in 11 mastectomized/quadrantectomized women (mean age of 54 years). The ITC protocol consisted of hydroponic treatments, steam inhalations treatment, hydrokinesitherapy, and manual treatments. Patients were assessed before and after a cycle of 1 h long treatment sessions, which were performed 5 days a week for 4 weeks. The outcomes were measured through the following scales and tests: Piper Fatigue Scale (PIPER), 6-Minute Walking Test (6MWT), Five Times Sit-to-Stand (5STS), Range of Arm Motion (ROM), Disability of the Arm–Shoulder–Hand Scale (DASH), and Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). Results: We found appreciable improvements in cardio-respiratory efficiency and in pain perception exemplified by a reduction of PIPER, 5STS, DASH, and NPRS values together with an increase in 6MWT and ROM values. Conclusions: We conclude that ITC is a promising rehabilitative tool to enhance cardio-respiratory and functional performance and reduce pain after mastectomy/quadrantectomy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates on Respiratory Pathologies)
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Review

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22 pages, 1864 KiB  
Review
The Application of Ultrasonography in the Detection of Airway Obstruction: A Promising Area of Research or Unnecessary Gadgetry?
by Sabina Kostorz-Nosal, Mariusz Kowaliński, Aleksandra Spyra, Bartłomiej Gałuszka and Szymon Skoczyński
Life 2025, 15(7), 1003; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15071003 - 24 Jun 2025
Viewed by 507
Abstract
Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the utilization of transthoracic ultrasonography (TTU) in the evaluation of pulmonary field artefacts has become standard practice among clinicians. However, there is a considerable lack of knowledge regarding the assessment of diaphragm mobility in the context of various lung [...] Read more.
Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the utilization of transthoracic ultrasonography (TTU) in the evaluation of pulmonary field artefacts has become standard practice among clinicians. However, there is a considerable lack of knowledge regarding the assessment of diaphragm mobility in the context of various lung diseases. Although numerous conditions are known to affect diaphragm mobility, including neurological, cardiovascular, and infectious diseases, it appears that pulmonary diseases may also limit the mobility of this major respiratory muscle. Despite the evidence of diaphragm mobility disorders in patients diagnosed with lung cancer, there is a discrepancy in the literature regarding the function of the diaphragm in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A shared aetiological factor frequently results in the co-occurrence of the aforementioned diseases. It is, however, possible to detect patients whose obstructive airway disease is caused only by the compression of infiltrative and nodal lesions rather than COPD. Bilateral TTU of diaphragmatic mobility in correlation with other available pulmonary function tests and radiological imaging may prove to be a valuable approach to isolating lung cancer patients with COPD overdiagnosis. Conversely, the overdiagnosis of COPD has been implicated in the potentially unnecessary and harmful use of inhaled medications with their adverse effects (e.g., cardiac arrhythmias, limb tremor, cough, and pneumonia), the failure to decrease obstruction in cases of other lung disorders, and the potential to contribute to the delayed diagnosis of the underlying condition responsible for the respiratory symptoms. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the utilization of ultrasound in the evaluation of diaphragm movement impairments for the detection of obstructions while also delineating the underlying limitations of this technique. Moreover, we propose a diagnostic algorithm for the purpose of excluding unilateral obstruction resulting from infiltrative neoplastic masses based on the ultrasound assessment of diaphragmatic mobility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates on Respiratory Pathologies)
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