Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms

Dear Colleagues,

The landscape of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) is changing. Previous studies have reported differences in treatment responses, which paved the way for new WHO classifications. The changes in classification have led to an increased demand for access to high pathological expertise. Previously, NENs were solely divided according to Ki-67 proliferation index, but due to new knowledge, NENs are now divided according to Ki-67 proliferation index and differentiation into either highly differentiated neoplasms, neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), and low-differentiated neoplasms, neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs).

Previously, tumors with KI-67 proliferation index >20% were considered highly malignant and could only be treated with chemotherapy. However, different studies showed that highly differentiated tumors have a better prognosis and similar treatment responses as tumors with Ki-67 proliferation index <20%. Therefore, the treatment of highly differentiated tumors irrespective of KI-67 proliferation index is changing with the additional use of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, whereas low-differentiated tumors can currently only be treated with chemotherapy.

The scope of this Special Issue is to present new advances within the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of NENs. Therefore, we welcome reviews and original articles which focus on both clinical, translational, epidemiological, and basic science in order to highlight the advances.

Dr. Pernille Holmager
Dr. Zhiwei Hu
Guest Editors

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