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Personalized Treatment of Maxillofacial Deformities and Reconstruction: Emerging Technologies, Methods...
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Personalized Treatment of Maxillofacial Deformities and Reconstruction: Emerging Technologies, Methods and Applications

A special issue of Journal of Personalized Medicine (ISSN 2075-4426). This special issue belongs to the section "Methodology, Drug and Device Discovery".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 December 2023) | Viewed by 10799

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Michael Boelstoft Holte

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. 3D Lab Denmark, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark
2. Department of Regional Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark
Interests: biomedical engineering; medical image analysis; medical 3D printing; computer-assisted surgery; virtual surgical planning; virtual rehabilitation; computer vision; image processing and analysis; pattern recognition; machine learning; artificial intelligence; computer graphics; virtual-; mixed- and augmented reality; human-computer interaction; robotics; gamification; user-centered design; usability

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Orthognathic surgery, or corrective jaw surgery, is employed when conventional orthodontics treatment is insufficient in treating maxillofacial discrepancy caused by growth disturbances of the maxillofacial skeleton. The treatment involves surgical interventions of the jaws with the main purpose of establishing a correct dental occlusion, and optimizing facial aesthetics and functional results.

Preoperative planning of orthognathic surgery has evolved from the use of gypsum models manually mounted in an articulator and 2D cephalometry on teleradiographs, to the application of personalized 3D-printed surgical guides and implants corroborated with advanced computer-assisted surgical planning and intervention analysis in 3D. Similarly, 3D technologies have been applied in the preoperative planning and execution of oral and maxillofacial reconstructive surgery, such as personalized mandibular free-flap reconstruction using patient-specific cutting guides and implants. These 3D technologies have improved the predictability of the postoperative outcome and the surgical accuracy. Additionally, such technologies enable increased patient engagement and personalization by adjusting the procedure to the needs of each patient.

This Special Issue “Personalized Treatment of Maxillofacial Deformities and Reconstruction: Emerging Technologies, Methods and Applications” of the Journal of Personalized Medicine aims to highlight the current state of the art and present the latest findings in the field of personalization of maxillofacial surgery.

Researchers are invited to submit original research and review articles, including, but not limited to, studies on predictive treatment planning, analysis of postoperative outcome, patient engagement, personalized implants, automation and the application of artificial intelligence and augmented reality in orthognathic surgery, or oral and maxillofacial reconstructive surgery.

Dr. Michael Boelstoft Holte
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Personalized Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • maxillofacial deformities
  • Reconstruction
  • Emerging Technologies
  • predictive treatment planning
  • analysis of postoperative outcome
  • patient engagement
  • personalized implants
  • automation
  • artificial intelligence
  • orthognathic surgery
  • virtual, augmented and mixed reality
  • robotic surgery

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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18 pages, 4062 KiB  
Article
A New Approach to Virtual Occlusion in Orthognathic Surgery Planning Using Mixed Reality—A Technical Note and Review of the Literature
by Max Wilkat, Shufang Liu, Michael Schwerter, Felix Schrader, Leonardo Saigo, Nadia Karnatz, Norbert R. Kübler and Majeed Rana
J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(12), 1709; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13121709 - 14 Dec 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2217
Abstract
Orthognathic surgery plays a vital role in correcting various skeletal discrepancies of the maxillofacial region. Achieving optimal occlusion is a fundamental aspect of orthognathic surgery planning, as it directly influences postoperative outcomes and patient satisfaction. Traditional methods for setting final occlusion involve the [...] Read more.
Orthognathic surgery plays a vital role in correcting various skeletal discrepancies of the maxillofacial region. Achieving optimal occlusion is a fundamental aspect of orthognathic surgery planning, as it directly influences postoperative outcomes and patient satisfaction. Traditional methods for setting final occlusion involve the use of dental casts which are time-consuming, prone to errors and cannot be easily shared among collaborating specialties. In recent years, advancements in digital technology have introduced innovative approaches, such as virtual occlusion, which may offer enhanced accuracy and efficiency in orthognathic surgery planning. Furthermore, the emergence of mixed reality devices and their 3D visualization capabilities have brought about novel benefits in the medical field, particularly in computer-assisted planning. This paper presents for the first time a prototype tool for setting virtual occlusion during orthognathic surgery planning using mixed reality technology. A complete walkthrough of the workflow is presented including an explanation of the implicit advantages of this novel tool. The new approach to defining virtual occlusion is set into context with other published methods of virtual occlusion setting, discussing advantages and limitations as well as concepts of surgical occlusion for orthognathic surgery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Treatment of Maxillofacial Deformities and Reconstruction: Emerging Technologies, Methods and Applications)
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11 pages, 1117 KiB  
Article
A Semi-Automatic Approach for Holistic 3D Assessment of Temporomandibular Joint Changes
by Michael Boelstoft Holte, Henrik Sæderup and Else Marie Pinholt
J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(2), 343; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13020343 - 16 Feb 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1932 | Correction
Abstract
The literature lacks a reliable holistic approach for the three-dimensional (3D) assessment of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) including all three adaptive processes, which are believed to contribute to the position of the mandible: (1) adaptive condylar changes, (2) glenoid fossa changes, and (3) [...] Read more.
The literature lacks a reliable holistic approach for the three-dimensional (3D) assessment of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) including all three adaptive processes, which are believed to contribute to the position of the mandible: (1) adaptive condylar changes, (2) glenoid fossa changes, and (3) condylar positional changes within the fossa. Hence, the purpose of the present study was to propose and assess the reliability of a semi-automatic approach for a 3D assessment of the TMJ from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) following orthognathic surgery. The TMJs were 3D reconstructed from a pair of superimposed pre- and postoperative (two years) CBCT scans, and spatially divided into sub-regions. The changes in the TMJ were calculated and quantified by morphovolumetrical measurements. To evaluate the reliability, intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated at a 95% confidence interval on the measurements of two observers. The approach was deemed reliable if the ICC was good (>0.60). Pre- and postoperative CBCT scans of ten subjects (nine female; one male; mean age 25.6 years) with class II malocclusion and maxillomandibular retrognathia, who underwent bimaxillary surgery, were assessed. The inter-observer reliability of the measurements on the sample of the twenty TMJs was good to excellent, ICC range (0.71–1.00). The range of the mean absolute difference of the repeated inter-observer condylar volumetric and distance measurements, glenoid fossa surface distance measurements, and change in minimum joint space distance measurements were (1.68% (1.58)–5.01% (3.85)), (0.09 mm (0.12)–0.25 mm (0.46)), (0.05 mm (0.05)–0.08 mm (0.06)) and (0.12 mm (0.09)–0.19 mm (0.18)), respectively. The proposed semi-automatic approach demonstrated good to excellent reliability for the holistic 3D assessment of the TMJ including all three adaptive processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Treatment of Maxillofacial Deformities and Reconstruction: Emerging Technologies, Methods and Applications)
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11 pages, 5422 KiB  
Article
Application of Augmented Reality to Maxillary Resections: A Three-Dimensional Approach to Maxillofacial Oncologic Surgery
by Francesco Ceccariglia, Laura Cercenelli, Giovanni Badiali, Emanuela Marcelli and Achille Tarsitano
J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12(12), 2047; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12122047 - 12 Dec 2022
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 2944
Abstract
In the relevant global context, although virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality have been emerging methodologies for several years, only now have technological and scientific advances made them suitable for revolutionizing clinical care and medical settings through the provision of advanced features [...] Read more.
In the relevant global context, although virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality have been emerging methodologies for several years, only now have technological and scientific advances made them suitable for revolutionizing clinical care and medical settings through the provision of advanced features and improved healthcare services. Over the past fifteen years, tools and applications using augmented reality (AR) have been designed and tested in the context of various surgical and medical disciplines, including maxillofacial surgery. The purpose of this paper is to show how a marker-less AR guidance system using the Microsoft® HoloLens 2 can be applied in mandible and maxillary demolition surgery to guide maxillary osteotomies. We describe three mandibular and maxillary oncologic resections performed during 2021 using AR support. In these three patients, we applied a marker-less tracking method based on recognition of the patient’s facial profile. The surgeon, using HoloLens 2 smart glasses, could see the virtual surgical planning superimposed on the patient’s anatomy. We showed that performing osteotomies under AR guidance is feasible and viable, as demonstrated by comparison with osteotomies performed using CAD-CAM cutting guides. This technology has advantages and disadvantages. However, further research is needed to improve the stability and robustness of the marker-less tracking method applied to patient face recognition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Treatment of Maxillofacial Deformities and Reconstruction: Emerging Technologies, Methods and Applications)
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16 pages, 1506 KiB  
Article
A Quantitative and Qualitative Clinical Validation of Soft Tissue Simulation for Orthognathic Surgery Planning
by Alessandro Gutiérrez Venturini, Jorge Guiñales Díaz de Cevallos, José Luis del Castillo Pardo de Vera, Patricia Alcañiz Aladrén, Carlos Illana Alejandro and José Luis Cebrián Carretero
J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12(9), 1460; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12091460 - 6 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2404
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to perform a quantitative and qualitative validation of a soft tissue simulation pipeline for orthognathic surgery planning, necessary for clinical use. Simulation results were retrospectively obtained in 10 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery. Quantitatively, error was measured [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study was to perform a quantitative and qualitative validation of a soft tissue simulation pipeline for orthognathic surgery planning, necessary for clinical use. Simulation results were retrospectively obtained in 10 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery. Quantitatively, error was measured at 9 anatomical landmarks for each patient and different types of comparative analysis were performed considering two mesh resolutions, clinically accepted error, simulation time and error measured by means of percentage of the whole surface. Qualitatively, evaluation and binary questions were asked to two surgeons, both before and after seeing the actual surgical outcome, and their answers were compared. Finally, the quantitative and qualitative results were compared to check if these two types of validation are correlated. The quantitative results were accurate, with greater errors corresponding to gonions and lower lip. Qualitatively, surgeons answered similarly mostly and their evaluations improved when seeing the actual outcome of the surgery. The quantitative validation was not correlated to the qualitative validation. In this study, quantitative and qualitative validations were performed and compared, and the need to carry out both types of analysis in validation studies of soft tissue simulation software for orthognathic surgery planning was proved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Treatment of Maxillofacial Deformities and Reconstruction: Emerging Technologies, Methods and Applications)
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1 pages, 130 KiB  
Correction
Correction: Holte et al. A Semi-Automatic Approach for Holistic 3D Assessment of Temporomandibular Joint Changes. J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13, 343
by JPM Editorial Office
J. Pers. Med. 2024, 14(12), 1159; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14121159 - 19 Dec 2024
Viewed by 433
Abstract
The journal’s Editorial Office and Editorial Board are jointly issuing a resolution and removal of the Journal Notice linked to this article [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Treatment of Maxillofacial Deformities and Reconstruction: Emerging Technologies, Methods and Applications)
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