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Novel Research in Pediatric Dentistry

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A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Pediatrics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2024 | Viewed by 9056

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Katrin Bekes

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Guest Editor

Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
Interests: pediatric dentistry; conservative dentistry; oral health related quality of life
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Christian Hirsch

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Guest Editor

Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
Interests: temporomandibular disorders and bruxism in children and adolescents; oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children and adolescents
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Pediatric dentistry provides preventive and therapeutic oral health care for infants and children throughout adolescence, including those with special health care needs. Currently, early childhood caries (ECC) and molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) represent a major challenge. Despite improvements in efforts regarding dental health education, ECC is still a highly prevalent disease affecting millions of preschool children worldwide. Moreover, MIH—a common developmental dental condition—is becoming increasingly recognized.

The aim of this Special Issue is to focus on novel research in pediatric dentistry. Topics to be covered include the prevention and management of oral childhood diseases, as well as their impact on OHRQoL. We invite relevant original research, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and short communications covering the above-mentioned topics.

Prof. Dr. Katrin Bekes
Prof. Dr. Christian Hirsch
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

early childhood caries
primary teeth
caries prevention
caries treatment
behavioral management
molar incisor hypomineralization
dental trauma
sedation
oral-health-related quality of life

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 1922 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Occlusal Caries Detection with Intraoral Scanners in Pediatric Dentistry: A Comparative Clinical Study

by Nelly Schulz-Weidner, Marina Gruber, Bernd Wöstmann, Constanze Friederike Uebereck, Norbert Krämer and Maximiliane Amelie Schlenz

J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(4), 925; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13040925 - 06 Feb 2024

Viewed by 917

Abstract

Background: The aim of this clinical study was to compare the occlusal caries detection (OCD) performance of the intraoral scanners (IOSs) Trios 4 (TIO, 3Shape) and Emerald S (EME, Planmeca) and the Diagnocam (DIA, KaVo) with the established visual (WHO) examination (VIS, reference method). Methods: Between 08/2022 and 02/2023, 60 children (mean age 9.6 ± 2.5 years) were examined as part of their regular dental checkups. OCD was performed at the tooth level, separately for primary and permanent unrestored teeth. Furthermore, two thresholds were analyzed: sound versus overall caries (pooled data of enamel and dentin caries, TH1) and pooled data of sound and enamel caries versus dentin caries (TH2). Results: The best agreement with the reference method (reliability) in both dentitions was obtained for DIA (ĸ = 0.829/ĸ = 0.846; primary/permanent teeth), followed by EME (ĸ = 0.827/ĸ = 0.837) and TIO (ĸ = 0.714/ĸ = 0.680). Similar results were shown for the diagnostic quality (sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve), with higher values for TH1 than for TH2. Both IOSs and the DIA showed worse results than the reference method VIS. Conclusions: Currently, IOS should be used as an additional caries detection tool, especially for visualization, and cannot be recommended as a basic tool for diagnosis or invasive/noninvasive therapy decisions in OCD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Research in Pediatric Dentistry)

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12 pages, 3168 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of Children and “Young” Adult Patients’ Quality of Life after Prosthetic Treatment of Disorders of the Craniofacial Region—A Retrospective Study

by Elżbieta Wojtyńska, Bohdan Bączkowski, Mariusz Cierech and Elżbieta Mierzwińska-Nastalska

J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(2), 339; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13020339 - 07 Jan 2024

Viewed by 581

Abstract

Background: Prosthetic rehabilitation for children and juvenile patients with congenital or acquired craniofacial disorders is the area of activity of many clinicians and is a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for dentists. Methods: Studies were carried out on a group of 30 patients (10 female and 20 male) aged 2.5 to 30 years who were treated prosthetically due to congenital and acquired craniofacial disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of life using the CPQ 11-14 (Child Perception Questionnaire 11-14), OQLQ (Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire), and PIDAQ (Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire). Results: Before the prosthetic treatments, the mean values in the individual questionnaires were, respectively, CPQ 11-14—54 points; OQLQ—44.4 points; and PIDAQ—47.6 points. The following values were obtained after the treatments: CPQ 11-14—12.43 points; OQLQ—22.27 points; and PIDAQ—34.03 points. All obtained differences were statistically significant. Conclusions: The total numerical results obtained in all questionnaires decreased, which means that prosthetic rehabilitation had a positive impact on the assessment of the quality of life based on individual categories. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Research in Pediatric Dentistry)

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13 pages, 280 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Children’s Anxiety Level in Relation to a Dental Visit/Treatment and Their Parents’ Dental Fear

by Pia-Merete Jervøe-Storm, Lisa Patricia Peters, Katrin Bekes, Miriam Fricke and Søren Jepsen

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(20), 6691; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12206691 - 23 Oct 2023

Viewed by 741

Abstract

The patients’ fear of the dentist plays an important role in the everyday life of a dentist. The anxiety level of children in relation to dental treatment/visits and to their parents’ dental fear was evaluated in three different centers. Assessments of a modified CFSS-DS (mCFSS-DS) were performed by questionnaire with 60 children and their parents. Children’s dmft/DMFT scores, age and gender were evaluated in relation to the parents’ perception of their child’s anxiety levels. For statistical evaluation, Kruskal–Wallis and Wilcoxon tests as well as Spearman’s correlation coefficient (Spearman) were used. The significance level was set at 0.05. There were no significant differences regarding children’s mCFSS-DS between the three centers (p = 0.398, Kruskal–Wallis). The parents’ mCFSS-DS scores correlated significantly with their children’s mCFSS-DS scores (p = 0.004, Spearman). However, the mean mCFSS-DS score of the children was significantly higher than the mean score of parents’ perception of their child’s anxiety (p = 0.000, Wilcoxon). The age of the child had an influence on the mCFSS-DS score (p = 0.02, Kruskal–Wallis) but neither the children’s gender (p = 0.170, Kruskal–Wallis), nor the dmft/DMFT showed an impact (p < 0.725, Spearman). Although a positive correlation was found between the results of the children’s and parents’ questionnaire, many parents underestimated the anxiety level of their children. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Research in Pediatric Dentistry)

12 pages, 1093 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Dental Pain on the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of Preschool Children in Austria

by Sophie Lembacher, Viktoria Hofer and Katrin Bekes

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(18), 5906; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12185906 - 11 Sep 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1223

Abstract

Dental pain in children is a global public health burden with psychosocial and economic implications, challenging families and pediatric dentists in daily clinical practice. Previous studies have addressed the exclusive impact of either caries, dental trauma, malocclusion, or socioeconomic status on OHRQoL. Even though such examples can surely cause dental pain in children, so far only little research on the correlation of dental pain as a general symptom of different underlying causes and OHRQoL has been published. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of dental pain on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children between the ages of 0 and 6 years old and subsequently compare the results to a control group free of tooth ache. Children and their adult caregivers were recruited from the Emergency unit of the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at the University Clinic of Dentistry in Vienna. The caregivers completed the German version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS-G). Afterwards, the children were clinically examined. The cause for dental pain, dmf-t index, and plaque accumulation were collected. In total, 259 children with a mean age of 4.2 years (SD ± 1.5 years) were included in the study group. Their mean ECOHIS-G score was 9.0 (SD ± 7.4), while the control group only amounted to a score of 4.9 (SD ± 5.6). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant in both ECOHIS-G subsections, the child impact scale (CIS) and the family impact scale (FIS) as well as the ECOHIS-G sum score (p < 0.05). Dmf-t index and plaque accumulation significantly correlated with CIS and ECOHIS sum score (p ≤ 0.05). The reduction in quality of life was nearly twice as great in the children with dental pain as in the control children. The ECOHIS-G is a valid instrument for measuring the OHRQoL of children with dental pain between the ages of 0 to 6. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Research in Pediatric Dentistry)

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8 pages, 235 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Changes in Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life of Egyptian Children Treated under Dental General Anesthesia: A Prospective Study

by Mahmoud Faheem, Dalia Moheb, Sherif Bahgat, Christian Splieth and Katrin Bekes

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(18), 5792; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12185792 - 06 Sep 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 826

Abstract

Background: Treatment of young children under dental general anesthesia (DGA) is sometimes necessary due to lack of cooperation and the complexity of dental treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the changes in oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children following treatment under DGA. Methods: A consecutive sample of 88 children aged 5 and younger who were referred to the department of pediatric dentistry, Cairo university, Egypt, for treatment under DGA was included. Parents were asked to complete the Arabic version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (A-ECOHIS) questionnaire before and 4 weeks after treatment. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare baseline and follow up scores. Effect sizes (ES) were also calculated. Results: The overall ECOHIS scores decreased significantly from 16.72 (±7.07) to 0.9 (±3.08); (p < 0.001, Wilcoxon signed-rank test) after treatment under DGA, demonstrating a large effect size of 2.2. The scores of the two subscales of the ECOHIS, the child impact scale (CIS) and the family impact scale (FIS), also decreased significantly (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Treatment under DGA not only improved the OHRQoL of the Egyptian children in our sample significantly, but also had a positive effect on their families’ quality of life. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Research in Pediatric Dentistry)

20 pages, 3421 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Finite Element Analysis of the Mechanical Performance of Non-Restorable Crownless Primary Molars Restored with Intracoronal Core-Supported Crowns: A Proposed Treatment Alternative to Extraction for Severe Early Childhood Caries

by Kunyawan Thaungwilai, Yanee Tantilertanant, Weerachai Singhatanadgit and Pairod Singhatanadgid

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(5), 1872; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12051872 - 27 Feb 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1869

Abstract

Early childhood caries (ECC) involve extensive coronal tooth structure loss, and tooth reconstruction remains highly challenging. To fulfill preclinical assessment, the present study investigated the biomechanics of non-restorable crownless primary molars that were restored by stainless steel crowns (SSC) using different composite core build-up materials. Computer-aided design-integrated 3D finite element and modified Goodman fatigue analyses were performed to determine stress distribution, risk of failure, fatigue life and dentine–material interfacial strength for the restored crownless primary molars. A dual-cured resin composite (MultiCore Flow), a light-cured bulk-fill resin composite (Filtek Bulk Fill posterior), a resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (Fuji II LC) and a nano-filled resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (NRMGIC; Ketac N100) were used as core build-up composite materials in the simulated models. The finite element analysis showed that types of core build-up materials affected the maximum von Mises stress only in the core materials (p-value = 0.0339). NRMGIC demonstrated the lowest von Mises stresses and revealed the highest minimum safety factor. The weakest sites were along the central grooves regardless of type of material, and the ratio of shear bond strength to maximum shear stress at the core–dentine interface of the NRMGIC group was lowest among the tested composite cores. However, all groups provided lifetime longevity from the fatigue analysis. In conclusion, core build-up materials differentially influenced the von Mises stress (magnitude and distribution) and the safety factor in crownless primary molars restored with core-supported SSC. However, all materials and the remaining dentine of crownless primary molars provided lifetime longevity. The reconstruction by core-supported SSC, as an alternative to tooth extraction, may successfully restore non-restorable crownless primary molars without unfavorable failures throughout their lifespan. Further clinical studies are required to evaluate the clinical performance and suitability of this proposed method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Research in Pediatric Dentistry)

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12 pages, 2129 KiB

Open AccessArticle

by Andreea Igna, Darian Rusu, Emilia Ogodescu, Ștefania Dinu, Marius Boariu, Adrian Voicu and Ștefan-Ioan Stratul

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(1), 170; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12010170 - 26 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1966

Abstract

(1) Background: Pulse oximetry (PO) is an effective method of dental pulp status monitorization but still lacks practical implementation in dentistry, as well as clear reference values for different tooth types. The study’s aim was to investigate the age-related variation of blood oxygen saturation (SpO₂) from the dental pulp during different stages of tooth development in all types of primary and permanent teeth of children. (2) Methods: The pulps of 600 healthy primary and permanent teeth (incisors, canines, premolars, and molars) of patients aged 2–15 years were tested with an adapted PO device, and the results were statistically analyzed; (3) Results: Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between open-apex and closed-apex teeth and between the canines and other tooth types in both primary and permanent dentitions. (4) Conclusions: Values of SpO₂ tended to decrease with age progression in both primary and permanent dentitions. Enamel and dentine thickness and their optical properties and the shape and volume of coronal pulp, which differed among tooth types, seemed to have some influence on the reading as well. The study indicates that factors such as the root development and the tooth type must be taken into account when establishing reference SpO₂ values for the dental pulp. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Research in Pediatric Dentistry)

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