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Plastic Surgery: Innovations and Future Directions
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Plastic Surgery: Innovations and Future Directions

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery/Aesthetic Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 October 2024) | Viewed by 12747

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Rami Hallac

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
2. Analytical Imaging and Modeling (AIM) Center, Children’s Health, Dallas, TX, USA
Interests: machine learning applications in medical imaging; craniofacial imaging; ear deformities; outcomes assessment of craniosynostosis; cleft lip and palate; detection and analysis of vascular anomalies; 3D and 4D photogrammetry in medical imaging
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Pang-Yun Chou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Plastic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
Interests: orthognathic surgery; cleft surgery; facial reconstructive surgery; aesthetic surgery

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue, “Plastic Surgery: Innovations and Future Directions”, underscores the importance of exploring the rapidly advancing domain of reconstructive and cosmetic surgery. It aims to resolve the critical need for a holistic platform that articulates novel methodologies, cutting-edge research, and unique clinical dilemmas. We invite diverse submissions on emerging surgical techniques, the surgical realm, and the revolutionary impact of artificial intelligence. Our call for papers extends to global practitioners and academics, fostering an enriching exchange of knowledge. Our goal is to facilitate dialogue, foster innovation, and propel the field of plastic surgery into the future. We believe that your valuable insights can significantly contribute to this meaningful conversation.

Dr. Rami Hallac
Dr. Pang-Yun Chou
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • aesthetic enhancement
  • craniofacial surgery
  • biomaterials
  • microsurgery
  • technological advances
  • surgical ethics
  • postoperative care
  • artificial intelligence

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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15 pages, 484 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Utility of ChatGPT in Cleft Lip Repair Education
by Monali Mahedia, Rachel N. Rohrich, Kaiser O’Sahil Sadiq, Lauren Bailey, Lucas M. Harrison and Rami R. Hallac
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(3), 993; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14030993 - 4 Feb 2025
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1228
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The evolving capabilities of large language models, such as generative pre-trained transformers (ChatGPT), offer new avenues for disseminating health information online. These models, trained on extensive datasets, are designed to deliver customized responses to user queries. However, as these outputs are [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The evolving capabilities of large language models, such as generative pre-trained transformers (ChatGPT), offer new avenues for disseminating health information online. These models, trained on extensive datasets, are designed to deliver customized responses to user queries. However, as these outputs are unsupervised, understanding their quality and accuracy is essential to gauge their reliability for potential applications in healthcare. This study evaluates responses generated by ChatGPT addressing common patient concerns and questions about cleft lip repair. Methods: Ten commonly asked questions about cleft lip repair procedures were selected from the American Society of Plastic Surgeons’ patient information resources. These questions were input as ChatGPT prompts and five board-certified plastic surgeons assessed the generated responses on quality of content, clarity, relevance, and trustworthiness, using a 4-point Likert scale. Readability was evaluated using the Flesch reading ease score (FRES) and the Flesch–Kincaid grade level (FKGL). Results: ChatGPT responses scored an aggregated mean rating of 2.9 out of 4 across all evaluation criteria. Clarity and content quality received the highest ratings (3.1 ± 0.6), while trustworthiness had the lowest rating (2.7 ± 0.6). Readability metrics revealed a mean FRES of 44.35 and a FKGL of 10.87, corresponding to approximately a 10th-grade literacy standard. None of the responses contained grossly inaccurate or potentially harmful medical information but lacked citations. Conclusions: ChatGPT demonstrates potential as a supplementary tool for patient education in cleft lip management by delivering generally accurate, relevant, and understandable information. Despite the value that AI-powered tools can provide to clinicians and patients, the lack of human oversight underscores the importance of user awareness regarding its limitations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plastic Surgery: Innovations and Future Directions)
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11 pages, 2100 KiB  
Article
The Redefinition and Volumization of the Lip Area with Hyaluronic Acid: A Case Series
by Nazaret Ruiz, Roberto Miranda Lopez, Rubén Marques and Silvia Fontenete
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(19), 5705; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13195705 - 25 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2329
Abstract
Background: The increasing popularity of non-surgical cosmetic enhancements for the lower face and perioral area, particularly through hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers, reflects the growing desire for improved lip volume and definition. This study showcases the effects of a specific HA filler on [...] Read more.
Background: The increasing popularity of non-surgical cosmetic enhancements for the lower face and perioral area, particularly through hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers, reflects the growing desire for improved lip volume and definition. This study showcases the effects of a specific HA filler on lip fullness, shape, and overall perioral rejuvenation. Methods: We conducted a retrospective single-site observational analysis of adult female patients treated with Genefill Soft Fill HA injections in the lips and perioral areas. Both patient and physician satisfaction were evaluated using the Likert scale and Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS), respectively. The outcomes for natural appearance, volume, and durability were assessed using a five-point scale. The patients were followed up with for up to six months to monitor any adverse events. Results: The cohort included thirteen female patients with an average age of 55.3 ± 8.3 years. Approximately 1.2 ± 0.4 mL of filler was used per patient. The results indicate high satisfaction, with scores above 4 for naturalness, volume, and durability. Over 92% of patients reported a significant improvement in appearance. No moderate or severe adverse events were reported. Conclusions: Genefill Soft Fill HA filler is both effective and safe for enhancing lip esthetics, with high satisfaction rates among recipients and no significant adverse events observed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plastic Surgery: Innovations and Future Directions)
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14 pages, 5407 KiB  
Article
Innovative Non-Surgical Plastic Technique for Saddle Nose Correction: A Study on 97 Patients
by Riccardo Ossanna, Sara Ghazanfar Tehrani, Alessia Dallatana, Sima Khabouri, Sheila Veronese, Andrea Sbarbati and Mario Goisis
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(8), 2387; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13082387 - 19 Apr 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2401
Abstract
Background: Non-surgical rhinoplasty is one of the best choices in mild cases of the saddle nose, and it represents a solution for the aesthetical amelioration of facial deformity; nevertheless, in most critical cases, surgical intervention is still required. This study reports the experience [...] Read more.
Background: Non-surgical rhinoplasty is one of the best choices in mild cases of the saddle nose, and it represents a solution for the aesthetical amelioration of facial deformity; nevertheless, in most critical cases, surgical intervention is still required. This study reports the experience and results of a single facial plastic surgeon (M.G.) using a non-surgical technique for the correction of saddle noses in a large cohort of patients. Methods: This retrospective study assesses all patients injected from January 2017 through October 2023 in private clinics in Milan (Italy), London (UK), and Dubai (UAE). All patients were followed up for 12 months. The harvested adipose tissues were processed with different systems and with or without acoustic wave therapy (AWT). The extracted products have been characterized in terms of cellular yield and cell growth. Ninety-seven patients were injected with adipose-derived products or hyaluronic acid (HA). Patients were followed up for 12 months, and satisfaction data were analyzed. Results: The stem cells obtained from the patients who previously received AWT displayed a statistically higher cell growth ability in comparison with those of the cells derived from patients who did not receive AWT. The evolution of patient satisfaction during the time for each group of treatment was investigated, and cellular treatments show the best maintenance of patient satisfaction over time. Conclusions: Dermgraft and AWT approaches resulted in the highest patient satisfaction for the non-surgical correction of the saddle nose deformity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plastic Surgery: Innovations and Future Directions)
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14 pages, 1859 KiB  
Article
Dental Occlusion Characteristics for Treatment Decision-Making Regarding Surgery-First Approach in Orthodontics
by Ying-Chen Chen, Carol Yi-Hsuan Chen, Min-Chi Chen, Ellen Wen-Ching Ko and Cheng-Hui Lin
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(18), 6029; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12186029 - 18 Sep 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2367
Abstract
The surgery-first approach (SFA) is conducted to decrease the difficulty and duration of orthodontic treatment by correcting the skeletal discrepancy at the initial stage of treatment. However, the indication of the SFA has not been well defined yet. This study explored the dental [...] Read more.
The surgery-first approach (SFA) is conducted to decrease the difficulty and duration of orthodontic treatment by correcting the skeletal discrepancy at the initial stage of treatment. However, the indication of the SFA has not been well defined yet. This study explored the dental occlusion characteristics for treatment decision-making regarding the SFA. A total of 200 skeletal Class III patients were consecutively collected and divided into two groups: the orthodontic-first approach (OFA) group and the SFA group. The pretreatment digital dental models and lateral cephalograms were measured. Logistic regression was completed and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were obtained to predict the probability of the SFA. Results showed that the ROC model with L1-MP, upper and lower arch length discrepancy, overbite, and asymmetric tooth number as influencing factors revealed that the sensitivity and specificity for determining SFA were 83.0% and 65.0%, respectively; the accuracy of prediction was 75.0%. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the six measurements from digital dental models and lateral cephalograms can be effectively applied in treatment decision-making for the SFA with satisfactory accuracy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plastic Surgery: Innovations and Future Directions)
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14 pages, 8007 KiB  
Article
Occlusion-Based Three-Dimensional Craniofacial Anthropometric and Symmetric Evaluation in Preadolescences: A Comparative COHORT Study
by Gloria Chen, Emma Yuh-Jia Hsieh, Shih-Heng Chen, Betty C. J. Pai, Ching-Yen Tsai, Sheng-Wei Wang and Pang-Yun Chou
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(15), 5017; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12155017 - 30 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1811
Abstract
Background: The importance of early diagnosis of pediatric malocclusion and early intervention has been emphasized. Without use of radiation, 3D imaging holds the potential to be an alternative for evaluating facial features in school-aged populations. Methods: Students aged 9 and 10 years were [...] Read more.
Background: The importance of early diagnosis of pediatric malocclusion and early intervention has been emphasized. Without use of radiation, 3D imaging holds the potential to be an alternative for evaluating facial features in school-aged populations. Methods: Students aged 9 and 10 years were recruited. We performed annual 3D stereophotogrammetry of the participants’ heads. A total of 37 recognizable anatomical landmarks were identified for linear, angular, and asymmetric analyses using the MATLAB program. Results: This study included 139 healthy Taiwanese children with a mean age of 9.13, of whom 74 had class I occlusion, 50 had class II malocclusion, and 15 had class III malocclusion. The class III group had lower soft-tissue convexity (p = 0.01) than the class II group. The boys with class II malocclusion had greater dimensions in the anteroposterior position of the mid-face (p = 0.024) at age 10. Overall asymmetry showed no significance (p > 0.05). Heat maps of the 3D models exhibited asymmetry in the mid-face of the class II group and in the lower face of the class III group. Conclusion: Various types of malocclusion exhibited distinct facial traits in preadolescents. Those with class II malocclusion had a protruded maxilla and convex facial profile, whereas those with class III malocclusion had a less convex facial profile. Asymmetry was noted in facial areas with relatively prominent soft-tissue features among different malocclusion types. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plastic Surgery: Innovations and Future Directions)
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7 pages, 8653 KiB  
Case Report
Reinforcement of a Subcutaneous Pocket for Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Insertion Using Acellular Dermal Matrix: A Case Report
by Jun Ho Choi, Ho Jun Lee, Kwang Seog Kim, Hyung Wook Park, Insu Choi, Jae Ha Hwang and Sam Yong Lee
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(9), 2614; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13092614 - 29 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1816
Abstract
Pediatric patients who undergo implant insertion into the chest wall face a high risk of implant exposure to the external environment. Five months after an 8-year-old boy underwent implantable cardioverter–defibrillator (ICD) implantation in a subcutaneous pocket in the left anterolateral chest wall to [...] Read more.
Pediatric patients who undergo implant insertion into the chest wall face a high risk of implant exposure to the external environment. Five months after an 8-year-old boy underwent implantable cardioverter–defibrillator (ICD) implantation in a subcutaneous pocket in the left anterolateral chest wall to manage long QT syndrome, ICD replacement became necessary owing to exposure risk from distal and lateral thinning of the ICD pocket. Pocket rupture and exposure would increase the risk of infection; therefore, we performed ICD removal and primary pocket closure. Two weeks later, a new suprafascial pocket was created, an acellular dermal matrix (ADM) was attached to the inner wall to prevent ICD protrusion, and a new ICD was inserted. One year postoperatively, the ADM was engrafted, and no complications were observed. A thin subcutaneous layer increases the risk of ICD implantation complications. Inner wall strengthening with an ADM can help prevent pocket rupture. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plastic Surgery: Innovations and Future Directions)
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