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Ventilation in Critical Care Medicine: 2nd Edition

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Intensive Care".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 November 2025 | Viewed by 384

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Umberto I Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 48022 Lugo, Italy
Interests: anesthesia; intensive care; mechanical ventilation; acute respiratory failure; sepsis; pain management
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is my pleasure to invite you to contribute to the second volume of our Special Issue, entitled “Ventilation in Critical Care Medicine: 2nd Edition”. We published five papers in the first volume, which can be accessed here:

https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jcm/special_issues/33652Q449K

Mechanical ventilation is a common and often life-saving intervention for critically ill patients, and it can be carried out in many different ways. For example, the decision to perform invasive or non-invasive ventilation, the choice of device and location (ICU, operation theater, or NORA), settings of the tidal volume and PEEP, the effectiveness of the prone position, and weaning strategies are still debated topics. The avoidance of ventilation-induced lung damage through a protective ventilation approach is currently a major focus of clinical interest. However, despite the fact that multiple studies have been carried out, the questions about which we remain in the dark still outnumber those about which we are certain. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the fragility of us all, emphasizing the importance of developing a suitable ventilation strategy related to perfusion, and of both clinical and physiological studies. Ventilation is moving towards goal-directed therapy, using the results of replicable measurements to verify the effectiveness of the treatment and possibly make changes in real time.

This Special Issue aims to provide new insights into pathological mechanisms, as well as examination and treatment methods for critically ill patients, to personalize ventilation. We invite the submission of original research papers as well as contemporary review articles that reflect the latest progress in, and potential of, this research field.

Dr. Gianluca Zani
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • invasive ventilation
  • non-invasive ventilation
  • acute respiratory failure
  • best PEEP
  • respiratory weaning
  • respiratory mechanics
  • ventilation and perfusion
  • personalized ventilation

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

24 pages, 1654 KiB  
Review
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Pathophysiological Insights, Subphenotypes, and Clinical Implications—A Comprehensive Review
by Mairi Ziaka and Aristomenis Exadaktylos
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(15), 5184; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14155184 - 22 Jul 2025
Viewed by 263
Abstract
Increased epithelial and endothelial permeability, along with dysregulated inflammatory responses, are key aspects of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) pathophysiology, which not only impact the lungs but also contribute to detrimental organ crosstalk with distant organs, ultimately leading to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome [...] Read more.
Increased epithelial and endothelial permeability, along with dysregulated inflammatory responses, are key aspects of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) pathophysiology, which not only impact the lungs but also contribute to detrimental organ crosstalk with distant organs, ultimately leading to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)—the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with lung injury (LI) and ARDS. It is predominantly manifested by hypoxemic respiratory failure and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, which cannot be fully attributed to cardiac failure or hypervolemia, but rather to alveolo-capillary barrier dysfunction, dysregulated systemic and pulmonary inflammation, immune system abnormalities, and mechanical stimuli-related responses. However, these pathological features are not uniform among patients with ARDS, as distinct subphenotypes with unique biological, clinical, physiological, and radiographic characteristics have been increasingly recognized in recent decades. The severity of ARDS, clinical outcomes, mortality, and efficacy of applied therapeutic measures appear significant depending on the respective phenotype. Acknowledging the heterogeneity of ARDS and defining distinct subphenotypes could significantly modify therapeutic strategies, enabling more precise and targeted treatments. To address these issues, a comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed using predefined keywords related to ARDS pathophysiology, subphenotypes, and personalized therapeutic approaches. Optimizing the identification and characterization of discrete ARDS subphenotypes—based on clinical, biological, physiological, and radiographic criteria—will deepen our understanding of ARDS pathophysiology, promote targeted recruitment in prospective clinical studies to define patient clusters with heterogeneous therapeutic responses, and support the shift toward individualized treatment strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ventilation in Critical Care Medicine: 2nd Edition)
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