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The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Diagnosis of Cancer
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The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Diagnosis of Cancer

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 September 2021) | Viewed by 9750

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Stefano Forte

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, Catania, Italy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Aurelio Lorico

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Medicine, Touro University Nevada, 874 American Pacific Drive, Henderson, NV 89014, USA
Interests: extracellular vesicle; nuclear transport; spathasome; cell-cell fusion
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The interest on extracellular vesicles (EV) in the field of cancer research increases year after year. Recent discoveries in the field may completely change the paradigm of diagnostics in oncology.


It has been extensively reported that EV are fundamental mediators of inter-cellular communication. Their molecular cargo is highly specific and can provide detailed insight on the molecular phenotype of producing cells.


The opportunity to detect and analyze EV cargo is a fundamental tool for the improvement of our knowledge on cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutical monitoring.


This Special Issue will discuss recent advances in the field of EVs as molecular means for the early identification of neoplastic disease, for the stratification of patients according to their potential response to therapy and for the timely identification of secondary resistance events in treated patients.

Dr. Stefano Forte
Prof. Aurelio Lorico
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Extracellular vesicles
  • exosomes
  • early diagnosis
  • disease monitoring
  • cell-cell communication
  • liquid biopsy
  • oncology

Published Papers (3 papers)

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19 pages, 2395 KiB  
Article
Plasma Extracellular Vesicle miRNAs Can Identify Lung Cancer, Current Smoking Status, and Stable COPD
by Hannah E. O’Farrell, Rayleen V. Bowman, Kwun M. Fong and Ian A. Yang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(11), 5803; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115803 - 28 May 2021
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3097
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer related mortality worldwide. We aimed to test whether a simple blood biomarker (extracellular vesicle miRNAs) can discriminate between cases with and without lung cancer. Methods: plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) were isolated from four cohorts (n [...] Read more.
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer related mortality worldwide. We aimed to test whether a simple blood biomarker (extracellular vesicle miRNAs) can discriminate between cases with and without lung cancer. Methods: plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) were isolated from four cohorts (n = 20 in each): healthy non-smokers, healthy smokers, lung cancer, and stable COPD participants. EV miRNA expression was evaluated using the miRCURY LNA miRNA Serum/Plasma assay for 179 specific targets. Significantly dysregulated miRNAs were assessed for discriminatory power using ROC curve analysis. Results: 15 miRNAs were differentially expressed between lung cancer and healthy non-smoking participants, with the greatest single miRNA being miR-205-5p (AUC 0.850), improving to AUC 0.993 in combination with miR-199a-5p. Moreover, 26 miRNAs were significantly dysregulated between lung cancer and healthy smoking participants, with the greatest single miRNA being miR-497-5p (AUC 0.873), improving to AUC 0.953 in combination with miR-22-5p; 14 miRNAs were significantly dysregulated between lung cancer and stable COPD participants, with the greatest single miRNA being miR-27a-3p (AUC 0.803), with two other miRNAs (miR-106b-3p and miR-361-5p) further improving discriminatory power (AUC 0.870). Conclusion: this case control study suggests miRNAs in EVs from plasma holds key biological information specific for lung cancer and warrants further prospective assessment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Diagnosis of Cancer)
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Review

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31 pages, 487 KiB  
Review
Extracellular Vesicles: New Tools for Early Diagnosis of Breast and Genitourinary Cancers
by Anna Testa, Emilio Venturelli and Maria Felice Brizzi
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(16), 8430; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168430 - 05 Aug 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2092
Abstract
Breast cancers and cancers of the genitourinary tract are the most common malignancies among men and women and are still characterized by high mortality rates. In order to improve the outcomes, early diagnosis is crucial, ideally by applying non-invasive and specific biomarkers. A [...] Read more.
Breast cancers and cancers of the genitourinary tract are the most common malignancies among men and women and are still characterized by high mortality rates. In order to improve the outcomes, early diagnosis is crucial, ideally by applying non-invasive and specific biomarkers. A key role in this field is played by extracellular vesicles (EVs), lipid bilayer-delimited structures shed from the surface of almost all cell types, including cancer cells. Subcellular structures contained in EVs such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids can be isolated and exploited as biomarkers, since they directly stem from parental cells. Furthermore, it is becoming even more evident that different body fluids can also serve as sources of EVs for diagnostic purposes. In this review, EV isolation and characterization methods are described. Moreover, the potential contribution of EV cargo for diagnostic discovery purposes is described for each tumor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Diagnosis of Cancer)
26 pages, 336 KiB  
Review
Current Search through Liquid Biopsy of Effective Biomarkers for Early Cancer Diagnosis into the Rich Cargoes of Extracellular Vesicles
by Irène Tatischeff
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(11), 5674; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115674 - 26 May 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3804
Abstract
There exist many different human cancers, but regardless of the cancer type, an early diagnosis is a necessary condition for further optimal outcomes from the disease. Therefore, efficient specific and sensitive cancer biomarkers are urgently needed. This is especially true for the cancers [...] Read more.
There exist many different human cancers, but regardless of the cancer type, an early diagnosis is a necessary condition for further optimal outcomes from the disease. Therefore, efficient specific and sensitive cancer biomarkers are urgently needed. This is especially true for the cancers depicting a silent progression, and those only diagnosed in an already metastatic state with a poor survival prognostic. After a rapid overview of the previous methods for cancer diagnosis, the outstanding characteristics of extracellular vesicles (EVs) will be presented, as new interesting candidates for early cancer diagnosis in human biofluid non-invasive liquid biopsy. The present review aims to give the state-of-the-art of the numerous searches of efficient EV-mediated cancer diagnosis. The corresponding literature quest was performed by means of an original approach, using a powerful Expernova Questel big data platform, which was specifically adapted for a literature search on EVs. The chosen collected scientific papers are presented in two parts, the first one drawing up a picture of the current general status of EV-mediated cancer diagnosis and the second one showing recent applications of such EV-mediated diagnosis for six important human-specific cancers, i.e., lung, breast, prostate, colorectal, ovary and pancreatic cancers. However, the promising perspective of finally succeeding in the worldwide quest for the much-needed early cancer diagnosis has to be moderated by the many remaining challenges left to solve before achieving the efficient clinical translation of the constantly increasing scientific knowledge. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Diagnosis of Cancer)
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