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Molecular Mechanisms of Vascular Protection by Means of Nutraceuticals

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Bioactives and Nutraceuticals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 May 2026 | Viewed by 6094

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1. Mollace, V (corresponding author), Magna Graecia Univ Catanzaro, IRC FSH Dept Hlth Sci, Campus Univ Germaneto, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy
2. Mollace, V (corresponding author), Nutramed Scarl, Complesso Nini Barbieri, I-88021 Catanzaro, Italy
3. Mollace, V (corresponding author), IRCCS San Raffaele, Via Valcannuta 247, I-00133 Rome, Italy
Interests: cardiovascular disease; drugs; nutrients
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The physiological mechanisms behind high blood pressure and the development of arterial hypertension have been extensively researched in recent times. Furthermore, steady advancements in creating new and potent antihypertensive medications, along with their proper use in regulating blood pressure, have enhanced our ability to effectively treat conditions marked by abnormal BP levels. The mechanisms that lead to the breakdown of the body’s own systems that help maintain normal blood pressure levels have not been fully explained yet. Recent findings indicate that natural antioxidants from plant extracts may offer a solution for preventing arterial hypertension. Specifically, research suggests that natural antioxidants could improve the survival of endothelial cells that are facing oxidative stress. This impact may be vital in the physiological processes linked to the initial phases of arterial hypertension.

Dr. Roberta Macri
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • cardiovascular disease
  • drugs
  • nutrients

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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25 pages, 6910 KB  
Article
Early Supplementation with Branched-Chain Amino Acids Ameliorates Lipid Retention in Aortic Valves of ApoE-Knockout Mice
by Daria Shishkova, Anastasia Kanonykina, Egor Kondratiev, Arina Tyurina, Alexandra Morozova, Alena Poddubnyak, Anna Sinitskaya, Maxim Sinitsky, Victoria Markova, Anastasia Lazebnaya, Leo Bogdanov, Alexander Stepanov, Susanna Agalaryan and Anton Kutikhin
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(23), 11259; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262311259 - 21 Nov 2025
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Abstract
Previous studies suggested a certain efficiency of proteinogenic branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) and magnesium supplementations in reducing cardiovascular risk and increasing quality of life. This investigation assessed the anti-atherogenic and anti-calcific effects of BCAA (55 mg/day, corresponding to a human equivalent dose of [...] Read more.
Previous studies suggested a certain efficiency of proteinogenic branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) and magnesium supplementations in reducing cardiovascular risk and increasing quality of life. This investigation assessed the anti-atherogenic and anti-calcific effects of BCAA (55 mg/day, corresponding to a human equivalent dose of 13.5 g/day) and magnesium citrate (MgCit, 1.85 mg/day, corresponding to a human equivalent dose of 450 mg/day) intake in male and female ApoE-knockout mice, with the treatment initiation at either 1, 3, or 6 months of age. At the 12-month time point, lipid retention and calcium deposition in the aortic valve, lipid burden in the aorta, and serum ionized calcium were evaluated. The early BCAA intake (from 1/3 to 12 months of age) significantly reduced lipid retention in the aortic valve, whilst MgCit decreased ionized calcium. Both of these protective effects were higher in male than in female mice. Furthermore, it was tested whether human serum albumin (HSA) or MgCit can be applied to decrease the serum calcification propensity in 100 patients with myocardial infarction. A dual supplementation with HSA and MgCit reduced serum calcification propensity in 68% of cases. Collectively, these results highlight the potential benefits of BCAA/HSA and magnesium supplementations for cardiovascular prevention and justify further clinical trials in this regard. Full article
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Review

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17 pages, 4347 KB  
Review
A Systematic Review of Thiamine Supplementation in Improving Diabetes and Its Related Cardiovascular Dysfunction
by Maria Serra, Rocco Mollace, Giovanna Ritorto, Sara Ussia, Carmen Altomare, Annamaria Tavernese, Mariaimmacolata Preianò, Ernesto Palma, Carolina Muscoli, Vincenzo Mollace and Roberta Macrì
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(9), 3932; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26093932 - 22 Apr 2025
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 5576
Abstract
The significance of thiamine in human health is linked to its role in several pathways that control different disease processes. Significant improvements in cardiometabolic diseases, substantially impacted by thiamine imbalances, are observed with thiamine supplementation. Diabetic patients could see a reduction in cardiovascular [...] Read more.
The significance of thiamine in human health is linked to its role in several pathways that control different disease processes. Significant improvements in cardiometabolic diseases, substantially impacted by thiamine imbalances, are observed with thiamine supplementation. Diabetic patients could see a reduction in cardiovascular (CV) risk due to thiamine’s significant impact on glucose metabolism. Specifically, increased ventricular filling pressures and oxygen consumption, indicative of CV dysfunction, are caused by oxidative and inflammatory damage to blood vessels, diabetic nephropathy, and elevated lactic acid production. Despite promising pre-clinical results for thiamine, clinical trials have yielded conflicting and contradictory findings due to limitations like small sample sizes and insufficient follow-up. To provide a summary of clinical study results, this systematic review assessed the impact of thiamine supplementation on diabetes and its CV complications. The studies included in this systematic review were retrieved from PubMed and Medline databases, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and following the Population Intervention Comparison Outcome (PICO) framework. Seven clinical studies were identified, which enlighten the association between thiamine supplementation, hyperglycemia, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although large-scale, multicenter studies with longer follow-up periods are needed, the association between thiamine and chronic metabolic dysfunction related to CV risk suggests its crucial role in preventing severe heart failure (HF). Full article
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