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Viral Diseases of the Respiratory System—Molecular Mechanisms and Pathogenesis: 3rd Edition

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Guest Editor
Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
Interests: pathology of the respiratory system; immune regulation; immunodeficiencies; molecular pathology; morbilliviruses; emerging infectious diseases; zoonotic diseases; animal models
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Viral infections of the upper and lower respiratory system represent global health issues. Infections can be self-limiting or cause severe acute disease and even fatalities in vulnerable groups such as infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised patients. Moreover, persistent pulmonary changes and long-term respiratory problems can occur following infection. In the last several decades, reported cases of pneumotropic agents causing emerging and re-emerging diseases in humans and animals have increased. Recent research in infectious pulmonary diseases such as measles, influenza, and the current COVID-19 pandemic clearly shows that detailed knowledge about viral properties, virus entry, molecular pathology, and disease pathogenesis is essential for the development of effective prevention and treatment strategies. This Special Issue aims to provide an up-to-date collection of original research and review articles focusing on the progress in infection biology of viral pathogens of the respiratory system. We welcome molecular studies, including in vitro studies and animal experiments, dealing with (but not limited to) host–pathogen interaction, immunology, and pathogenesis, as well as the development of prevention and treatment strategies of viral respiratory diseases in humans and animals.

As volumes 1 and 2 of the Special Issue “Viral Diseases of the Respiratory System—Molecular Mechanisms and Pathogenesis” have been successful, we will be exploring this issue further in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067, IF 4.9, JCR Category Q1).

Prof. Dr. Andreas Beineke
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • respiratory diseases
  • pneumonia
  • pneumotropic viruses
  • pathogenesis
  • host–pathogen interaction
  • pulmonary pathology
  • immunopathology
  • immunity
  • disease prevention
  • treatment
  • zoonotic diseases
  • antiviral therapy

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17 pages, 2296 KiB  
Article
Subgenomic RNA and Limited Cross-Reactive Neutralising Antibodies Point to Potential Improvements in SARS-CoV-2 Clinical Handling
by Carlos Davina-Nunez, Sonia Perez-Castro, Jorge Julio Cabrera-Alvargonzalez, Elena Gonzalez-Alonso, Sergio Silva-Bea, Miriam Rodriguez-Perez, Maria del Pilar Figueroa-Lamas, Alexandre Perez-Gonzalez, Victor del Campo, Almudena Rojas, Joaquin Mendoza and Benito Regueiro-Garcia
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(7), 2948; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26072948 - 24 Mar 2025
Viewed by 313
Abstract
The current clinical management of SARS-CoV-2 disease control and immunity may be not optimal anymore. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of genomic viral RNA is broadly used for diagnosis, even though the virus may still be detectable when it is already non-infectious. [...] Read more.
The current clinical management of SARS-CoV-2 disease control and immunity may be not optimal anymore. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of genomic viral RNA is broadly used for diagnosis, even though the virus may still be detectable when it is already non-infectious. Regarding serology, commercial assays mostly still rely on ancestral spike detection despite significant changes in the genetic sequence of the current circulating variants. We followed a group of 105 non-vaccinated individuals, measuring their viral shedding until negativity and antibody response up to six months. The mean viral detection period until a negative RT-PCR result was 2.2 weeks when using subgenomic RNA-E as a detection target, and 5.2 weeks when using genomic RNA as a detection target. Our neutralising antibody results suggest that, when challenged against a variant different from the variant of first exposure, commercial immunoassays are suboptimal at predicting the neutralising capacity of sera. Additionally, anti-Alpha and anti-Delta antibodies showed very low cross-reactivity between variants. This study provides insights into viral shedding and immune response in pre-Omicron variants like Alpha and Delta, which have been understudied in the published literature. These conclusions point to potential improvements in the clinical management of SARS-CoV-2 cases in order to organise vaccination campaigns and select monoclonal antibody treatments. Full article
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