Impact of Climate Change on Grapevines, Berries, Wine: Present and Future

A special issue of Horticulturae (ISSN 2311-7524). This special issue belongs to the section "Viticulture".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 November 2026 | Viewed by 7658

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department for Sustainable Food Process (DiSTAS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
Interests: winemaking; wine chemistry; grape and wine composition; minor grape cultivar; climate change

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Over the last few decades, climate change has increasingly impacted agricultural-based production systems, including the wine sector. Although the impact of climate change on the quality of grapes and wine may be dependent on individual wine-growing areas, the most important viticultural regions of the world have reported a trend toward overly fast grape ripening, causing an excessive and/or too rapid sugar accumulation in the berries. The primary influence of this trend is related to the increase in air temperature and CO2 levels, inducing a positive effect on the plant photosynthetic rate and carbohydrate accumulation in fruits. Overly fast grape ripening leads to excessive sugar accumulation, unacceptably low total acidity and high pH, and atypical flavors in the grapes. Moreover, high grape sugar concentration causes a stress response in yeast, which can lead to fermentation processes that become inhibited and slow and unbalanced wines. The high ethanol concentration in wine increases hotness and bitterness perceptions, decreasing acidity sensations and the perception of some important aroma compounds such as higher alcohols, esters and monoterpenes.

In this context, the current Special Issue of Horticulturae welcomes articles related to the field of climate change impacts on the composition of grapes and wine, studying how their main metabolites (i.e., organic acids, sugars, polyphenols, polysaccharides, mineral and nitrogen content, etc.) are influenced as well as the main potential strategies that can be applied, both in vineyards and wineries, to mitigate the effects of climate change on grape and wine quality.

Dr. Mario Gabrielli
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • climate change impact
  • vine physiology
  • grape composition
  • wine composition
  • adaptation strategy
  • wine and grape quality

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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23 pages, 2814 KB  
Article
Assessing Viticultural Parameters and Wine Quality in Relation to Climate Conditions
by Andrei Scutarașu, Lucia Cintia Colibaba, Elena Cristina Scutarașu, Camelia Elena Luchian, Liliana Rotaru, Răzvan Vasile Filimon, Roxana Mihaela Filimon and Valeriu V. Cotea
Horticulturae 2026, 12(3), 377; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae12030377 - 19 Mar 2026
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Abstract
This study evaluates viticultural parameters of the Golia grape variety in relation to variable climatic conditions over the 2020–2024 period and analyzes their impact on wine quality. The data show significant climatic variability, with warming trends causing earlier flowering and ripening by 11–13 [...] Read more.
This study evaluates viticultural parameters of the Golia grape variety in relation to variable climatic conditions over the 2020–2024 period and analyzes their impact on wine quality. The data show significant climatic variability, with warming trends causing earlier flowering and ripening by 11–13 days. Grape production varied depending on climatic conditions, with 2021 and 2024 recording the highest number of shoots per trunk and increased fertility in 2024. Low winter temperature led to reduced bud viability and affected the overall health of the vines and harvest yields. Average annual precipitation, especially from the growing season, significantly influenced actual yield (AY), while higher annual temperatures and sunshine duration (Sun) resulted in lower grape weight. Greater sugar concentrations accumulated in years with higher temperatures, while higher acidity levels registered at lower temperatures. Higher precipitation (Pp) coupled with thermal accumulation promoted higher dry extract and alcoholic strength (AS), significantly enhancing the perception of honey notes (R2 > 0.7, p-value < 0.05). Furthermore, higher thermal regimes negatively impacted the expression of delicate aromatic compounds, diminishing specific notes such as rose and exotic fruits. Full article
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20 pages, 27729 KB  
Article
Assessment of the Heat-Stress-Mitigating Effect of Kaolin in Grapevine: A Comparative Study in Two Vineyards
by Luca Pallotti, Tania Lattanzi, Vania Lanari and Oriana Silvestroni
Horticulturae 2026, 12(3), 325; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae12030325 - 9 Mar 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 672
Abstract
Climate change is intensifying summer stress conditions, with significant impacts on vine physiology and grape production. Kaolin is commonly used to mitigate heat stress, though its effectiveness may vary depending on vineyard conditions. This study aimed to compare the effects of kaolin application [...] Read more.
Climate change is intensifying summer stress conditions, with significant impacts on vine physiology and grape production. Kaolin is commonly used to mitigate heat stress, though its effectiveness may vary depending on vineyard conditions. This study aimed to compare the effects of kaolin application (K) with an untreated control (C) on Verdicchio grapevines across two distinct vineyard sites differing in environmental conditions over two consecutive growing seasons, focusing on leaf gas exchange, leaf temperature, grape composition and yield, and wine characteristics. Results showed that the effects of kaolin varied between sites. Under high thermal stress and low vine vigor, kaolin application improved gas exchange, sustained higher photosynthetic rates, and reduced leaf temperature. Conversely, in higher-vigor vineyards, the effects were less pronounced and mainly limited to reductions in leaf temperature. Under low-vigor conditions, K resulted in higher berry weight and lower total soluble solids. Wines from kaolin-treated grapes exhibited slightly reduced alcohol content and pH. These findings suggest that kaolin’s effectiveness is strongly influenced by climatic conditions and vine vigor. In Mediterranean regions, where heatwaves and drought are common, kaolin application may be a promising tool to alleviate heat stress, supporting improved grape yield and composition. Full article
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29 pages, 4015 KB  
Article
A Study of Observed Climate Change Effects on Grapevine Suitability in Oltenia (Romania)
by Mihaela Licurici, Alina Ștefania Vlăduț and Cristina Doina Burada
Horticulturae 2025, 11(6), 591; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11060591 - 26 May 2025
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2392
Abstract
Viticulture represents an important agricultural sector in Oltenia, which is one of the Romanian regions most affected by temperature increases. The main purpose of the present study was to analyze the changes in climate suitability for grapevine and wine production against this climate [...] Read more.
Viticulture represents an important agricultural sector in Oltenia, which is one of the Romanian regions most affected by temperature increases. The main purpose of the present study was to analyze the changes in climate suitability for grapevine and wine production against this climate context in the region. Two specific bioclimatic indices were applied, namely the bioclimatic index and the oenoclimate aptitude index, both reflecting the cumulated influence of temperature, actual sunshine duration, and precipitation amounts on the grapevine during the growing season (1 April–30 September). The indices were calculated as average values for the period 1961–2020. In order to emphasize potential shifts in suitability, the mean, maximum, and minimum values were calculated for two distinct periods, 1961–1990 and 1991–2020. The results of the analysis underlined three distinct suitability changes: the area suitable for quality red wines shifting northwards (on average, about 30′ of latitude or 55.5 km), including the eastern part of the Getic Subcarpathians, which is not currently part of any winegrowing region; the emerging new areas suitable for quality white wine (the western part of the Subcarpathians); and a potentially overly hot climate developing in Southern Oltenia where grapevine varieties are currently grown. Thus, the development of adequate adaptation strategies for viticulture to climate change in the region should be considered in the near future. Full article
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Review

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30 pages, 1847 KB  
Review
The Impact of Climate Change on Eastern European Viticulture: A Review of Smart Irrigation and Water Management Strategies
by Alina Constantina Florea, Dorin Ioan Sumedrea, Steliana Rodino, Marian Ion, Vili Dragomir, Anamaria-Mirabela Dumitru, Liliana Pîrcalabu and Daniel Grigorie Dinu
Horticulturae 2025, 11(11), 1282; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11111282 - 24 Oct 2025
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3320
Abstract
Climate change poses significant challenges to viticulture worldwide, with Eastern European vineyards experiencing increased water stress due to rising temperatures, irregular precipitation patterns, and prolonged drought periods. These climatic shifts hurt vine phenology, grape quality, and overall productivity. In response, adaptive irrigation strategies [...] Read more.
Climate change poses significant challenges to viticulture worldwide, with Eastern European vineyards experiencing increased water stress due to rising temperatures, irregular precipitation patterns, and prolonged drought periods. These climatic shifts hurt vine phenology, grape quality, and overall productivity. In response, adaptive irrigation strategies such as Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI) have gained attention for optimizing water use while preserving grape quality. Concurrently, the adoption of smart agriculture technologies—including soil moisture sensors, automated weather stations, remote sensing, and data-driven decision support systems—enables precise monitoring and real-time management of vineyard water status. This review synthesizes recent studies from Eastern Europe, emphasizing the necessity of integrating climate adaptation measures with intelligent irrigation management to enhance vineyard resilience and sustainability under increasing climate variability. Full article
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